Blog Archive Friday Factoid Embracing the Cold at Dartmouth Tuck

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Embracing the Cold at Dartmouth Tuck The thought of spending the winters in Hanover, New Hampshireâ€"home of Dartmouth Colleges Tuck School of Businessâ€"may send shivers down your spine. But those who tough it out and embrace the cold can discover some rewarding winter experiences, like ice hockey and downhill skiing. From beginners to seasoned veterans, roughly 150 students participate each year in ice hockey games organized by the Tuck Hockey Club. Never played? Not to worryâ€"teams are organized by skill level, so you can find a team of hockey players who will not  care if  you trip over the blue line (that is ice hockey lingoâ€"you will learn!). Meanwhile, the Dartmouth Ski and Boarding Club takes advantage of the Dartmouth Skiway in Lyme, New Hampshire, and organizes trips beyond campus as well. The clubs major event is   the 650-person Tuck Winter Carnival, held at the Skiway each year, which brings students together from top business schools to compete for the Kneissl Cup. Among the clubs other activities are ic e skating, an 80s Ski Bash, a hot-dog eating contest and a party at a nearby club.   At Tuck, you just might be too busy working up a sweat to fret about the cold. For more information on  Dartmouth-Tuck  or 15 other leading MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Dartmouth College (Tuck) Friday Factoids

External and Personal Factors Affecting Development - Lo2...

Unit 1 Understand Children and Young Person Development LO.2 2.1 Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors. Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Personal Factors If a mother drinks heavily during pregnancy the alcohol she consumes will passed across the placenta and into the Foetus via the bloodstream, as the foetus’s organs are not fully formed so the liver is unable to process the alcohol making the unborn child have a extremely high alcohol concentration in its bloodstream, the knock on effect of this is that the foetus’s brain will lack oxygen and nutrients for it to grow properly. Also another factor of this syndrome is that mothers who are drinking early in the pregnancy also†¦show more content†¦2.2 Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors. Attachment Disorder External Factors: Attachment is a connection made between a mother and child and is vital in a child’s development, as it helps to regulate emotions and behavior. If the mother or main care giver has had problems making the bond with a child or is unable to meet the child’s needs i.e. offers no comfort when child cries, neglects, abuses physically or sexually, or doesn’t talk with or smile at the child. The child may suffer from Attachment Disorder, children with this disorder find it hard to trust and make bonds with people and possibly new care givers, they find it hard to make eye contact and will reject attempts made to calm them if upset, and will find it difficult to interact within social groups. These children may also experience anxiety, lack of self-esteem and possible aggressive behaviours. To help children with attachment disorders they will need help in learning to develop secure attachments, this can be done with the support of a therapeutic worker and the support of carers giving the child a secure base (to enable them to feel safe), providing boundaries and routines, taking time to listen and talk with children and using therapeutic parent modeling called PACE (Playful, Acceptance, Curiosity,

Research on Internet Cafe - 1785 Words

An internet cafà © or cybercafà © is a place where one can use a computer with Internet access, most for a fee, usually per hour or minute; sometimes one can have unmetered access with a pass for a day or month, etc. It may serve as a regular cafà © as well, with food and drinks being served. | | [pic] Cyberia: one of the worlds first Internet cafà ©s, London, 1994 The internet cafe phenomenon was started in July 1991 by Wayne Gregori in San Francisco when he began SFnet Coffeehouse Network. Gregori designed, built and installed 25 coin operated computer terminals in coffeehouses throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. The cafe terminals dialed into a 32 line Bulletin Board System that offered an array of electronic services including FIDOnet†¦show more content†¦In the early days they were important in projecting the image of the Internet as a cool phenomena. Internet cafà ©s are a natural evolution of the traditional cafà ©. Cafà ©s started as places for information exchange, and have always been used as places to read the paper, send postcards home, play traditional or electronic games, chat to friends, find out local information. Cafà ©s have also been in the forefront of promoting new technologies, for example, the car in 1950s California. As internet access is in increasing demand, many pubs, bars and cafes have terminals, so the distinction between the Internet cafe and normal cafà © is eroded. In some, particularly European countries, the number of pure Internet cafà ©s is decreasing since more and more normal cafà ©s offer the same services. However, there are European countries where the total number of publicly accessible terminals is also decreasing. An example of such a country is Germany. The cause of this development is a combination of complicated regulation, relatively high internet penetration rates, the widespread use of notebooks and PDAsShow MoreRelatedInternet Cafe Business Plan1664 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING INTRODUCTION An Internet cafà © or cybercafà © is a place which provides internet access to the public, usually for a fee. These businesses usually provide snacks and drinks, hence the cafà © in the name. The fee for using a computer is usually charged as a time-based rate. Internet cafà ©s are a natural evolution of the traditional cafe. Cafà ©s started as places for information exchange, and have always been used as places to read the paper, send postcardsRead MoreInternet Cafe Time Monitoring System1488 Words   |  6 PagesPAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA INTERNET CAFÉ MANAGEMENT SYSTEM by In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject I.T. 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So far, virtually anyone is able to go on a computer and punch throughRead MoreMarketing Plan - Cafe988 Words   |  4 Pagesgoals for a planned discount internet cafà ©. Cafà © Loco, unlike a typical cafe, provides a unique forum for communication and entertainment through the medium of the Internet. Cafà © Loco is the answer to an increasing demand. The public wants a place to enjoy delicious coffee products, at discount prices; a place to socialize and share these experiences with friends and colleagues and access to methods of communication (internet, multi-purpose systems). Cafà © Loco’s marketing team will performRead MoreEssay about Marketing Plan1271 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide internet cafe services,. The information in the plan has been sourced from various textbooks and online research It has been found that the company should target the market aged 16 to 40, both single and married, and purchasing for personal use. 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As the shop owner of a cafe in a quiet part of Singapore that serves a range of snacks, simple meals and non alcoholic beverages, the competition from these global brands may signal the beginning of the end unless aggressive marketing steps are taken today. To this end, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to develop a marketing plan for such a cafà © in Singapore, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusionRead MoreThe Marketing Mix Essay721 Words   |  3 Pages £1250 every month. The place I chose to set up as my cafà © is a previous office block but I have been given permission to refurbish it but they will have to see the plans before I go ahead incase I do anything drastic. The place is down The Water House Water Lane so it is in the town center and because it has two floors I could place seating upstairs and have a take away service downstairs. It is necessary that I have my cafà © in town because otherwise I would not get any businessRead MoreStudy Habits1010 Words   |  5 Pageseffect of its usage would occur. It can be in our thoughts, behaviour, actions and or in other ways. Development in computer brings many things that people don’t have many years back. One of these things is online gaming that is provided by the internet. Online gaming is one of the widely used leisure activities by many students. Students who are playing online games believe that they are playing these games just for fun without knowing that there are a lot of effects of playing these games thatRead MoreEssay on Caribbean Internet Cafe633 Words   |  3 Pagesto start an internet cafà ©. 2. David is also planning to hire a manager with Jamaican restaurant experience to help him with the majority of his business activities; this could be an issue as he hasn’t found anyone yet. He isn’t considering the possibility that he will not be able to find someone to fill the position. 3. David also seems to have little business knowledge when it comes to pricing. He examined the market and found that the industry price was $90 per hour for internet service and

Haier Performance management (A) - 1150 Words

Case 4: Haier Performance management (A) 1. What are the specific practices of Haier’s performance management system? What are the guiding principles behind those practices? Haier, being the world’s sixth largest maker of large kitchen appliances, had 4% global market share and strong positions in the production of washing machine and refrigerators. The key success behind was Zhang, the CEO who brought the company fortunes. Several innovative human resource management practices were introduced. First, there was a set of colored footprints on factory floor. Any employee who has not performed well has to stand up on the yellow footprint and tell the employee why they have not performed well and how they will improve their performance.†¦show more content†¦This was considerate and lenient. Also, the meeting with supervisors made the expectations and standards of works crystal clear. They set up, achieve and were accountable for the targets. Their performances were closely monitored, evaluated and rewarded and that’s why they were motivated. Moreover, under the 80:20 principle, the mangers had to have the courage and conscientiousness to assume responsibility at Haier. Thus, they had to be more dedicated and care more, leading to great effort and productivity for both the managers and workers. However, Haier s management is in contrast to the old management of socialism. So there are maybe some potential pitfalls. â€Å"Face† and human relation are the two deep-rooted traditional Chinese concepts. If the Chinese employee cannot accept or adapt to the new practices, it arouse resentment among the employees. In long run, working under keen competition may impose heavy burden to the employees, leading to stress and mental problems. A disadvantage in the footprint method is that it did not give any ranking to the employees so it would be difficult for decisions related to appraisals and salary increments. Sometimes, it might embarrass the employee as well. Haier ranked top 10% and bottom 10% of the employees. This could be morale. The greatest challenge of this method is to differentiateShow MoreRelatedHaier Case Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract Haier makes, designs and sells home appliances such like washing machines, air conditioners and refrigerators around the world. Haier founded in China in the mid of 1980s by Zhang Ruimin, and it has become one of the countrys leading brands today. In 2006 Haier was ranked as the worlds sixth largest maker of large kitchen appliances with a 4% global market share. In this paper, it is going to analysis Haiers performance management, why Haier is so successful and challenges that Haier willRead MoreFacing The Changing Of Enterprise External Environment1319 Words   |  6 Pagesasks for managers should stand at the height of strategic management to makes an overall plan for the development of the enterprise. 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Under the development of over three decades, Haier has transferred from a single-product company to a global manufacturer with multiple product lines. It has expanded its brand to brown goods and white goods. Nowadays, Haier is the 4thRead MoreHaier Logistics1650 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Haier Logistics’ revolution Case Studies Haier Logistics’ revolution Case Studies 1〠 Background Haier is the world s largest home appliance brand, founded in 1984 in Qingdao; the current Chairman of the Board, CEO Zhang Ruimin is one of the main founders. At present, Haier has established 21 worldwide industrial park, five R D centers, 19 overseas trading companies, employs more than 70,000 people worldwide. In 2011, Haier achieved a global turnover of 150.9 billion yuan, the brand valueRead MoreSwot Analysis : Marketing Planning1708 Words   |  7 Pagesplanning needs to spend a certain cost, especially in critical processes. By benchmarking companies can reduce investment in marketing planning. 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At one point in the life cycle of the organization Haier was faced with some extreme challenges that could have been detrimental to the success of the organization but because of aggressive leadership they were able to turn the organization around. Under the leadership of Zhang Ruimin Haier has focused on positioning itself as a provider

Malaysia Economic Analysis free essay sample

Malaysian economic strength is due to various factors including strong trading partners, controlled inflation, and positive balance of trade. Malaysia has the best facilities in healthcare. The government spends a lot on subsidizing infant industries, social security and education. Although the Malaysian government promotes privatization and market economy, the economy is to some extent regulated by the government. The global financial crisis hit Malaysia in 2008–09. Hence, the Central bank of Malaysia, Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), reduced the discount rate by 150 basis points and also let the currency depreciate due to capital outflow. This countercyclical move softened the impact of the crisis and saved the economy from a –2. 9 percent contraction in GDP growth. The inflation and unemployment is also controlled by the monetary policies of BNM (Figure A). All these factors result in a strong economy of Malaysia with high GDP growth. Furthermore, Malaysia has strong trade partnerships as shown in figure B. We will write a custom essay sample on Malaysia Economic Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These lead to a positive balance of trade for Malaysia. Malaysia is also members with many trade organizations such as ASEAN Free Trade Area. Malaysia’s strength also lies in its high Literacy rate (around 96%). Another fact that needs mentioning is that Malaysia is the world leader in Islamic-finance. Over one fifth of Malaysian banking system is sharia-compliant. Also, Malaysia is dominant in global market for sukuk. This is one of the reason why Malaysian economy was not severely affected by the global financial crisis. Furthermore, Malaysia is endowed with abundance of natural resources and human capital. Therefore, the main export products in Malaysia are liquefied natural gas, petroleum products and palm oil. Moreover, Malaysia is today a manufacturing-based economy with high technology, knowledge-based and capital-intensive industries. Furthermore, it has low corporate taxes and trade tarrif. Hence, Malaysia provides an attractive investment environment. Malaysia scored a 66. 1 on the index of economic freedom and a B+ on the happiness Index. This is because Malaysia faces a few drastic issues nowadays. First, Malaysia has a serious corruption problem. Malaysian Inequality is getting worst, the public debt is piling up and innovation is lacking in the economy. In Malaysia, based on the wealth there is a lot of income inequality. There is a heavy concentration of wealth in the hands of 5% of the households. Malaysia’s Gini coefficient is 46. 21, among the highest in Asia. A state intervention and redistribution of income is called for but is unsupported by the elite, who have influence on the government. To aggravate matters further, the government launched an affirmative action program favoring Malays which is highly resented among non-Malays. This coupled with the religious tensions is leading to an ethical dispute within Malaysia. Corruption and nepotism is one of very critical weakness of Malaysia. According to Transparency International 2012 Bribe Payers Survey, Malaysia scored worst (Figure C). Due to this lack of transparency in businesses, the foreign investment is discouraged. Furthermore, judiciary can be politically influenced. Even though, in 2012, the government took steps to reduce corruption, corruption continues to be a growing concern. As mentioned earlier, Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy whereby the monarch acts as the head of state but his powers are legally bounded by the constitution. The income tax rate in Malaysia ranges from 3% to 30% based on the income bracket. Furthermore, there is no value added tax and the corporate tax rate is 25%. This indicate that tax burden in individuals is very low. However, the large government spending is recent years have led to a budget deficit and a public debt which is 53% of GDP. Malaysian Government has to improve its budget planning otherwise it will be in deep trouble in the future. Additionally, although the literacy rate is high, the innovation is missing from the society. According to Charles Santiago, Malaysia needs to improve innovation, otherwise the economy would be paralyzed. Malaysia also needs to promote the export of value added products rather than primary products. Therefore, Malaysians should focus on changing the curriculum in educational institutions in order to encourage creativity and boost technological innovation. Malaysia has a tremendous potential to grow due to its resources and the attractive and stable financial environment. However, it also has a lot of challenges to overcome before it is able to become a stable economically strong country. The government needs to control the corruption in the country by encouraging transparency; it needs to manage its spending, revise the education system of the country, and put more efforts into social welfare to reduce inequality and nepotism. Only after these efforts could Malaysia move towards prosperity. Citations Malaysia Highlights Its Strength in Healthcare, ICT and Green Technologies among Other Service Clusters. AMEinfo. com. N. p. , 15 Apr. 2010. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. ameinfo. com/229698. htmlgt;. Bahru, Johor. Islamic Finance: Banking on the Ummah. The Economist. The Economist, 5 Jan. 2013. Web. 7 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. economist. com/news/finance-and-economics/21569050-malaysia-leads-charge-islamic-finance-banking-ummah? zid=306amp;ah=1b164dbd43b0cb27ba0d4c3b12a5e227gt;. Economy Watch. Malaysia Economic Forecast. N. . , n. d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. economywatch. com/world_economy/malaysia/economic-forecast. htmlgt;. Malaysia. 2013 Index of Economic Freedom. N. p. , n. d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. heritage. org/index/country/malaysiagt;. Santiago, Charles. Lecture. Charles Santiago: What Went Wrong With The Malaysian Economy? Youtube. 23 July 2012. Web. 7 Mar. 2013. lt;https:/ /www. youtube. com/watch? v=sY1OZEdVqQggt;. Malaysia External Trade Statistics. Rep. Putrajaya: Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2012. Print. Why Malaysia? : Advantages of Malaysia. Rep. Iskandar Malaysia, n. d. Web. 07 Mar. 013. lt;http://www. iskandarmalaysia. com. my/why-malaysia-advantages-of-malaysiagt;. International Human Development Indicators United Nations Development Programme. International Human Development Indicators. United Nations Development Programme, n. d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. lt;http://hdrstats. undp. org/en/countries/profiles/mys. htmlgt;. Malaysia. UNICEF. UNICEF, n. d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. unicef. org/infobycountry/malaysia_statistics. htmlgt;. Malaysia Demographics Profile 2012. Malaysia Demographics Profile 2012. Indexmundi, n. d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. indexmundi. om/malaysia/demographics_profile. htmlgt;. Malaysia. World Bank Data. World Bank, n. d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. lt;http://data. worldbank. org/country/malaysiagt;. Malaysia Inflation Rate. Malaysia Inflation Rate. Trading Economics, 20 Feb. 2013. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. tradingeconomics. com/malaysia/inflation-cpigt;. HEALTH PROFILE : Malaysia. World Life Expectancy. World Health Rankings, n. d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. worldlifeexpectancy. com/country-health-profile/malaysiagt;. Appendix A General Information Location on map| Southeast Asia| Capital| Kuala Lumpur| Largest City| Kuala Lumpur| Currency| Malaysian Ringgit| Population 2011| 28. 86 Million| Population 2012| 29. 63 Million| Dominant Religion| Islam| Dominant Language| Malaysian| Form of government| federal constitutional monarchy| Current leader| Yang  di-Pertuan  Agong| Economic Indicators GDP US $| 2011| 287. 9 million| GDP per Capita US$| 2011| 9977| GDP growth | 1st Quarter of 2013| 6. 4%| GDP growth | 2012| 5. 6%| Literacy rate| 2005| 96%| Life expectancy| 2010| 74 years| Inflation| 2012| 1. 8%| Unemployment rate| December 2012| 3. 40%| Index of economic freedom Rating| 2012| 66. 4| Happiness Index| 2012| 7. 55| Human Development Index| | 0. 742  | Trade Balance of goods (billions RM) 2012| 8. 2| Gini Coeficient 2009| 46. 21| Dominant Imports| †¢ Electronics †¢ Machinery †¢ Petroleum products †¢ Plastics †¢ Vehicles †¢ Iron and steel products| Dominant Exports| †¢ Electrical amp;electronic products †¢ Liquefied Natural Gas †¢ Petroleum Products †¢ Palm oil amp; palm oil-based Products| Largest trading partners| †¢ China †¢ Singapore †¢ Japan †¢ USA †¢ Thailand| Membership in economic Organizations/ Alliances| †¢ Association of Southeast Asian Nations †¢ East Asia Summit †¢ Organisation of Islamic Cooperation †¢ Asia-Pacific Economic Coorperation †¢ Commonwealth of Nations| Appendix B

An Example of the Socratic Method Essays

An Example of the Socratic Method Essays An Example of the Socratic Method Essay An Example of the Socratic Method Essay The Republic we come to ponder the question of Justice. Just exactly where In the dialogue does Socrates win over the debate with Trashcans and gain the support of the bystanders? This Is very open-ended and opinionated question, but there are parts of the dialogue In which rises to a climax and then falls. As you read on I express in my best words where I feel Socrates took control of this debate over what Justice is. There is no doubt a lot going on in this dialogue and much back-and-forth between individuals. In that respect it is not easy to pin-point an exact location of where the tides turn in favor of Socrates. From my own perspective of reading this part of The Republic I feel Socrates takes the debate on justice at IEEE. Why do I think this? Well, looking at the before and after of this part it presents to me the climax of the debate between them. Up to this point Socrates is following along with the Idea of relating the different professions to arts since Trashcans thought he was witty to say Socrates did not know the shepherd from the sheep. It Is at this point In which I feel Trashcans cannot save himself and his stance any longer. Lets take a look at the build up to the climax; what has taken place before this to support it as the climax of the debate. Trashcans previous to this is trying to defend his position by saying that the unjust fairs off better than the just. I feel that this dialogue that he has given just completely goes off track of the topic. He tries to give a good punch with words, but instead he starts talking about this trying to cover from Just being told by off by Socrates and agreeing with everything he said previously, because he knows Socrates has put him in a corner at this point. How does he expect to rebound and make a comeback to defend his position like that? He cant so he moves completely away from it and attempts to make Socrates seem fallible with the statement that I previously mentioned of not knowing the shepherd from the sheep. Socrates Isnt stupid though, he knows what Trashcans Is doing when he does this as we see next. After Trashcans gives his ideas on the unjust it appears he is done and feels he has proved his point and is in attempt to vacate the debate. This brings me to my point after the climax. It is to me apparent, Socrates has won. Trashcans is only made out as a fool from then forward. He is tussled now that he has been pressured to remain in the conversation. It is apparent he still feels he has won as he sneers at Socrates when he says he is not convinced. As the reader I was not convinced either at his statement. Just following it, Socrates is able to take everything he has stated and has shown the falsity in his ideas. As Socrates goes on to question what Trashcans has stated In terms of what was previously discussed about the professions and arts, thus proving him wrong again. Aside from what actually took place In this debate It shows a clear example of the Socratic Method. Always ask questions about the question and question the answers to the question. One individual leads another to contradict himself strengthening the ay that the unjust faired out better than then Just, but Socrates turned it right back around and made him contradict himself again. To reiterate once more, we are shown the Socratic Method in this small excerpt of Plats The Republic. We see, in my opinion, the point in which Trashcans has questioned by Socrates to the point in which he begins to contradict his own words. In a good attempt he tried to revive his stance, but it was not enough. Socrates comparison of profession to arts set the stage for Trashcans demise in this argument.

Job Description Essays

Job Description Essays Job Description Essay Job Description Essay Job Description Name: Date: The Necessity of Job descriptions. A job description is a broad or general written statement of a particular job. This description bases on the findings of a job analysis carried out for this job. A job description includes the job title, scope, purpose, responsibilities, working conditions, remuneration, and the designation of the person to whom the employee reports. It also includes evaluation criteria, physical location, and qualifications for the position. A job description helps an employee to get the right candidates for a job, provide a guideline for compensation and serves as a basis for outlining performance expectation, job evaluation, and career advancement. It helps an employee identify his/her scope of work and know to whom he/she reports. It also ensures legal compliance to labor laws. There are two types of job descriptions. These are specific and general job description. A specific job description gives elaborate information about a job. Details in a specific job description include skills and abilities of the employee, detailed scope of work, detailed job definition and employee responsibilities. It tells both the employee and employee how different the particular job is from other positions. For example if a company has several secretaries, a specific job description will outline the duties of each secretary. This will show the difference in their scope of work. A general job description gives basic information on a position. It informs on the type of job and outlines the responsibilities of the position. Lack of a job description can have some on both the employer and to the employees. To begin with, there would lack a sense of organization. Due to lack of a job description for each employee, no one will know his or her role in the organization. There would therefore be confusion and there would be no achievement. Secondly, there would occur poor results as wok will be done but not necessarily the by the qualified professional. Thirdly, there would lack a proper hierarchical structure in line with functions. The flow of information would suffer as a result. This will lead to poor or no reaction to existing work demands which will ultimately lead to poor quality of work or no work at all. There would also lack clarity on issues like remunerations and working conditions. This may lead to over or underpayment for less or more responsibility respectively. Reference: . Nkomo, S. M., Fottler, M. D., McAfee, R. B. (2011). Human resource management applications. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Prien, Erich P., Goodstein, Leonard D., Goodstein, Jeanette, Gamble, Louis G., Jr. (2009). A Practical Guide to Job Analysis: Epub Edition. John Wiley Sons Inc. Revising of a job description. Secretaries are an essential part of an organization. Traditionally in most organizations, a secretary is a person whose responsibility is to keep records, make appointments and assists with correspondence in their offices. This has limited the scope of work of secretaries to records and phone calls. Secretaries can be of more benefit to companies if their scope of work broadened. Limiting their scope of work between records and phone calls deprives them the opportunity to contribute ideas in technical areas other than the traditional administrative areas. They also report to bosses who are engineers or doctors, or sales people. While other professionals have heads with titles such as chief engineer, senior doctor, or even senior magistrate, secretaries do not have such heads. Some of the improvements that would be beneficial to this job include widening the scope of work of secretaries and creating a central management system for them. This would require the formation of an independent department for secretaries in as much as they work with various people. This department will give a channel through which secretaries’ issues get address. It will increase professionalism. Bosses will not shout down secretaries as it traditionally happens rather will have a formal channel of dealing with their grievances. A department for secretaries will also enable the organization to manage recruitment and training. It will reduce the costs involved in recruitment and training as this department will organize for a general recruitment for secretaries other than recruiting when one quits and train many at a go. Traditionally the job description of secretaries oscillates between records and the phone. This has lowered the qualifications for this position. Most secretaries get jobs based on having knowledge on computer operations and ability to communicate in a particular language. Increasing the general requirements for entry to professional secretarial papers will encourage the need to acquire this accreditation. This will in turn increase professionalism and ensure maximum delivery based on an increased scope of work derived from training. Having attained this qualification, secretaries will attain a wage corresponding to this profession. They will also not suffer the burdened of workload, as the scope of their job would be determined. In addition to these, their scope of work widens from the traditional roles to new roles including bookkeeping, managing budgets, maintaining company websites and making travel arrangements. References Storey, J. (2007). Human resource management: A critical text. London: Thomson. Shaw, D. G. (1995). Performance measurement, management, and appraisal sourcebook. Amherst, Mass: Human Resource Development Press. Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H. (2010). Human resource management. Mason Impacts of job description revision on decision-making About recruitment, the human resources department is able to have a clear definition of what the organization needs. This enables them to hire the most qualified candidate who will ensure high returns. The human resource department will also find it less costly to train such individuals, as they will have quite some knowledge on the job. Job evaluation enables the company to link job requirements and pay for the job. This ensures that the company spends an amount that is equal to the responsibility hence the output. It also enables the employers to determine the jobs that need lees or more workers that are skilled and thus enabling it to hire the corresponding amount of labor to work available. Through this process, as well the company is able to plan its labor force. In case of salary and wage grievances, job description evaluation can be a handy tool for settling this type of grievances. It also eliminates salary inequalities by categorizing jobs with almost similar responsibilities under the same salary range. It thus serves to equate the wage structure. With job description evaluation, the relative and actual worthy of jobs is determined. In this, jobs are classified using criteria like education, levels of experience, amount of responsibility, hazards involved and priced accordingly. This serves to eliminate unfair payment on the part of employees and reduce salary and wage disputes. Sample job description for a lecturer JOB TITLE: Lecturer of Business management FACULTY: Arts and Social Sciences SCHOOL: School of Business Studies DEPARTMENT: Business Management SOURCES: Faculty of Salary Analysis JOB ANALYST: Salaries and Remuneration committee of Irving University Job Description Lecturer of Business management works under the supervision of the head of Department of Business management and the Dean of Faculty school of Business Studies: He is responsible for teaching, assessment, monitoring, evaluation, and research within the school. Purpose: To contribute to teaching activities in the field of Business Management and engage actively in research and income generating activities with a focus on business management. Job Duties and responsibilities Be responsible for organization, preparation, and delivery of teaching, learning in both Higher Education and Further Education. Prepare, implement, monitor, and evaluate test material for assessing student progress. Plan assessment dates, organize assessment material, issue assessment, subsequently view, and review student performance. To contribute to wider student experience through involving them in employability ventures and personal tutoring. To monitor on own teaching practice, reviewing content from time to time, and continually update on delivery content Plan departmental courses together with other faculty Lecturers. Organize field trips fro students as a mean of external learning. Publish in professional and academic journals. To participate actively in research through working on both internally and externally funded projects, contributing to group researches and assisting in bid writing for seeking external funding. To demonstrate good teaching practices using current i nformation, current methods of assessment and appropriate pedagogy. To develop both national and international partnerships both learned friends and professional associations To undertake professional development in relevant area of teaching and research. To work harmoniously with fellow professionals of the faculty and the university at large. Give feed back to educational boards concerning arising students’ needs. Requirements: Proven organization skills including time and material management. Proven three-year lecturing and research experience in the same field. Proven proposal-writing skills with at least four funded projects. A minimum of a master’s degree from an accredited institution. Analytical and interpreting skills leadership and motivational ability Good oral and written communication skills References Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H. (2010). Human resource management. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-western. , OH: Thomson/South-western. Compton, R. L., Morrissey, W. J., Nankervis, A. R. (2009). Effective recruitment selection practices. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia. Mader-Clark, M. (2013). The job description handbook. Berkeley, CA: Nolo Conclusion Job description is an important practice to both employers and employees. To employers matters that affect the performance of their business reflects from their recruitment that depends immensely on the effective job analysis. Without these, an employer is set to suffer the fate of less and poor production, high expenditure on maintenances, compensation of customers and correctional processes. The Employee as well needs to know their job description in order to avoid exploitation by employers. Knowing ones job description and scope of work increases efficiency, reduces confusion, enhances work related communication, and subsequently fosters a vibrant working environment. It is mandatory for employers to develop elaborate job description for their positions that appraisals can reflect true productivity of workers. Equally, it is mandatory for employees to meet changing job description by furthering their knowledge in the fields of interest and practicing flexibility.