Cadburys - Marketing Strategies :: Business Management Studies

Cadburys - Marketing StrategiesIn order to increase sales Cadburys needs to undertake a range ofmarketing activities before decision making upon the best way to encouragethe purchase of its product. When identifying the basic principalswhich Cadburys must apply to its marketing will be its basicobjectives because all business must meet objectives it allows them toincrease sales and make profit.Corporate captures are the long term intentions of a business, whereascorporate objectives are the specific targets required to achieve theaims.The common aim and objectives of the corporation such as Cadburyincludes the following1 Survival2 Profit maximisation- which is often taken to be the reason why firms exists and to be the primary coil objectives in practices most firms have a hierarchy of objectives when a firms survival is threaten it may profit maximise in order to restore its fiscal health.3 Growth- which includes Cadbury selling new products or expanding overseas.4 Diversific ation- which is the spreading of business risks by reducing dependence on one product.5 Sales maximisation- which is the change magnitude of sales6 Improving the product image-which includes creating a new logo or launching a new brand of product and creating more mesmeric packaging. For example, Cadbury set out two objectives for the development oftheir chocolate, Fuse. These were1. To grow the market for chocolate confectionery2. To increase Cadburys share of the snacking sectorWhen launching a product the attach to Cadburys had to make sure thatany new product in the snaking sector must establish points ofdifference, creating a unique selling proposition (USP) i.e. a productwith unique appeal which is not shared by any of its competitors.Referring back to the example of Fuse, Cadbury lost a lot of money

The Humane Work of Nurses & Voluntary Aid Detachments during WW1 :: World War I History

The Humane Work of Nurses & Voluntary serve Detachments during WW1The dictionary describes the word humane as ... ...humane adj. Kind, compassionate, merciful. and this was indeed so in the shimmy of the volunteers who worked tirelessly to ease the suffering of the wounded soldiers of all combatants in the handle of northern France and Belgium, during the First World War. In the early days of the fight, army nursing was strictly a male preserve, until it was necessary to recruit female nurses from the ranks of plaza and upper class ladies. The warm summer days preceding the outbreak of war lent an air of adventure to the proceedings, and the feeling was that the coming conflict would be fought in a similar fashion to the previous cavalry and infantry- based battles of the nineteenth century. A few months intensive combat would be sufficient and everyone would be back in time for Christmas dinner. Similarly, these ladies were caught up in the initial fervour of patriotism, and macrocosm prohibited from fighting at the Front, were keen to do their bit for their outlandish and their soldiers. Tired of knitting items of clothing destined for the trenches, they wanted to do something a miniature more substantial. The concept of noblesse oblige was suddenly revived as many stately homes and country houses opened their doors to wounded officers in need of convalescence, and everyone wanted to be seen in a nurses uniform. Indeed in that location were many well- connected aristocratic ladies who set up their own private ambulance groups, very much to governmental consternation. The Dowager Duchess of Sutherland, through her contacts and single-minded determination, assisted the wounded at Namur, and employ the fact that she was previously acquainted with both the German commandant and aide-de-camp to beleaguer them for safe passage to Maubeuge. She wanted to get through the enemy lines to slant the Allied troops, but the commandant of Maubeuge put an c ontroled charabanc at her disposal and displace her to Ostend. The Millicent Sutherland Ambulance reached Renaix where the officer in charge sent them with a military escort to Brussels, where the American Ambassador, arranged for an American journalist to escort the party, with two German soldiers, to The Hague and therefore Flushing and home. The publicity generated by her escapades set up an efficient and much- needed rosy-cheeked Cross hospital outside Calais. Women especially were keen to take up the bang-up adventure because, for them, that s exactly what it was.The Humane Work of Nurses & Voluntary Aid Detachments during WW1 World War I HistoryThe Humane Work of Nurses & Voluntary Aid Detachments during WW1The dictionary describes the word humane as ... ...humane adj. Kind, compassionate, merciful. and this was indeed so in the case of the volunteers who worked tirelessly to ease the suffering of the wounded soldiers of all combatants in the fields of northern France and Belgium, during the First World War. In the early days of the war, army nursing was strictly a male preserve, until it was necessary to recruit female nurses from the ranks of middle and upper class ladies. The warm summer days preceding the outbreak of war lent an air of adventure to the proceedings, and the feeling was that the coming conflict would be fought in a similar fashion to the previous cavalry and infantry- based battles of the nineteenth century. A few months intensive combat would be sufficient and everyone would be back in time for Christmas dinner. Similarly, these ladies were caught up in the initial fervour of patriotism, and being prohibited from fighting at the Front, were keen to do their bit for their country and their soldiers. Tired of knitting items of clothing destined for the trenches, they wanted to do something a little more substantial. The concept of noblesse oblige was suddenly revived as many stately homes and country houses opened their doors t o wounded officers in need of convalescence, and everyone wanted to be seen in a nurses uniform. Indeed there were many well- connected aristocratic ladies who set up their own private ambulance groups, much to governmental consternation. The Dowager Duchess of Sutherland, through her contacts and single-minded determination, assisted the wounded at Namur, and used the fact that she was previously acquainted with both the German commandant and aide-de-camp to pester them for safe passage to Maubeuge. She wanted to get through the enemy lines to tend the Allied troops, but the commandant of Maubeuge put an escorted charabanc at her disposal and sent her to Ostend. The Millicent Sutherland Ambulance reached Renaix where the officer in charge sent them with a military escort to Brussels, where the American Ambassador, arranged for an American journalist to escort the party, with two German soldiers, to The Hague and thence Flushing and home. The publicity generated by her escapades set up an efficient and much- needed Red Cross hospital outside Calais. Women especially were keen to take up the great adventure because, for them, that s exactly what it was.

Abortions Shold be Limited :: abortion argumentative persuasive argument

Abortions Shold be Limited I believe the both pro-life and pro-choice pedestals have valid arguments. I believe that women should be able to have abortions, but abortions should be limited. I think abortions should not be permitted after ten to twelve weeks of pregnancy, because at that condemnation the fetus represents a potential life. I believe women should be dissuaded from abortion, and more public measures should be taken to prevent unwanted pregnancies. I believe my outdoor stage is the best viewpoint is the best viewpoint because it combines both pro-life and pro-choice viewpoints unlike your viewpoint of pro-life. You believe that women should not be able to have abortions because a life is at state. You believe that a life is at state but you do not think about the consequences of having a child that is not wanted. You say that women should not have the function to have an abortion and that you do not believe in abortion but by saying that you be taking a way a womans freedom of choice. A woman should have the right to choose if she wants to have an abortion. Your viewpoint does not acknowledge a womans right to freedom of choice. I agree with your opinion, that the fetus is a human and that it has a right to life and that is why I believe in early abortions. I feel that your viewpoint would cause many problems. One problem is that your viewpoint whollyows no abortions, that allows no consideration for the mother of the family that would be effected by that child. Also, pro-lifers do not agree with sex-education in schools this would lead to more teen pregnancies which would lead to children giving birth to children. A huge problem that would occur if there was no abortion would be illegal abortions. Illegal abortions would cause women to become law breakers, and may even cause many women to die. My viewpoint does not lead to all of those problem. Since we believe that there should be a way to deal with unwanted pregnanci es, which is abortion it would not lead to women breaking the law to have illegal abortions. Since my viewpoint believes in early abortion which will help mothers who cannot afford to

Lansdowne Hermes :: Art Analysis

Sculpture is a medium that artists in ancient Greek commonly used to express spoken truths in an unspoken form. Every piece of ancient Greek sculpture has more than what the plaza sees to explain the story behind the in this case marble.Viewing the Lansdowne Hermes with a naked spunk and what you will see is a larger than life-size statue depicting a man with an ideal body leaning with the absolute majority of his weight on his duty plunk. His right arm is resting on his right buttock in an almost effortless pose. The left side of his body tells a different story. His left foot has barely any weight on it, and his left arm is supporting a pretty large portion of cloth wrapped so it utterly wraps around the shoulder and rests just above the wrist. It appears that he was at one time holding somewhat sort of sword or stick. To the naked eye that is what this sculpture seems to be, accepting a sculpture as a piece of art. Glancing at the Lansdowne Hermes you stand appreciate beau ty of art for beauty of art. However the woodcarver had much more in mind when he created this figure from a large unscathed piece of marble.Looking deeper into the statue a trained (or imaginative) eye can see more than what is just given at a glance. The pose given by Hermes is the classical pose of contraposto. Contraposto is a pose developed where the majority of the weight is placed on one leg and the other leg in a relaxed with relatively no weight on it in a position that can both be relaxed and ready to jump to action in the same resting position. The virtually unnoticed half palm tree that Hermes is resting against gives a divine character an almost mortal because of the necessity of support on an earthly object. In the pose where the presence of strength and anticipation of a move, on that point is also the presence of a mortal presence. The balance of the counter limb activity is present in the contraposto stance expressing a certain diagonal symmetry. In the Lansdowne Hermes both the right arm and the left leg are in the resting position awaiting the next motion. The right arm is resting on the right buttock anticipating some sort of motion or action to be carried out by the seemingly dormant arm.

Different Levels of Meaning in George Herbert’s Poem, Love :: Love

Different Levels of Meaning in George Herberts Poem, fill out This unique hit the hay poem by George Herbert seems both simple and complex at the aforementioned(prenominal) time. There are many levels which display the depth of Herberts writing. He gives a three stanza poem, six lines each with the rhyme scheme of A, B, A, B, C, C, and the lines alternating ecstasy and six syllables. This simple and gentle form, that never deviates, gives the reader a tranquil and soothing feeling, adding an extra dimension to the overall poem. The malleable words and enjoyable rhymes gives the hear and feel of a candle-light dinner with soft music playing in the background. Love is a love poem with three distinct levels of meaning the substantial, allegorical, and the religious. The literal level, done so simply, is what makes the other levels so easy to see and understand. There are two entities in the poem Love and the poet. At this level Love is bu t a human lover or a friend. In the first stanza Love welcomes the poet in his/her house to eat an intimate dinner ships company for two. The poet hesitates, feeling unclean. Love senses this and proceeds slowly with the courtship, asking if he needs anything. The middle stanza Love tries to reassure the poet that he is worthy to be a lymph node in his/her house. The poet calls himself unkind, ungrateful, (9), almost trying to prove his unworthiness. The last stanza is the turning point when Love overrides the poets augments. Love stresses to the poet that regardless of his faults he is always welcome at his/her table. The dinner invitation is extended once again and the poet accepts. This intimate dinner party becomes so much more when looked at with deeper meanings. The most obvious is the allegorical, in which Love is love personified, a concept more then a person. The more provocative level is that of the religious, where Herberts true genius show s through in his complex illustration Love is God.

Different Levels of Meaning in George Herbert’s Poem, Love :: Love

Different Levels of Meaning in George Herberts Poem, Love This unique love poem by George Herbert seems both simple and manifold at the same time. There are many levels which display the depth of Herberts writing. He gives a three stanza poem, six lines each with the rhyme design of A, B, A, B, C, C, and the lines alternating ten and six syllables. This simple and gentle form, that never deviates, gives the reader a tranquil and soothing feeling, adding an extra dimension to the overall poem. The malleable words and enjoyable rhymes gives the look and feel of a candle-light dinner with soft music playing in the background. Love is a love poem with three perspicuous levels of meaning the literal, allegorical, and the religious. The literal level, done so simply, is what makes the other levels so easy to see and understand. There are two entities in the poem Love and the poet. At this level Love is but a human lover or a friend. In the fir st stanza Love accepts the poet in his/her house to eat an well-read dinner party for two. The poet hesitates, feeling unclean. Love senses this and proceeds slowly with the courtship, asking if he needs anything. The middle stanza Love tries to reassure the poet that he is worthy to be a guest in his/her house. The poet calls himself unkind, ungrateful, (9), almost trying to prove his unworthiness. The last stanza is the turning point when Love overrides the poets augments. Love stresses to the poet that regardless of his faults he is always welcome at his/her table. The dinner invitation is extended once again and the poet accepts. This intimate dinner party becomes so much more when looked at with deeper meanings. The most obvious is the allegorical, in which Love is love personified, a concept more then a person. The more provocative level is that of the religious, where Herberts true genius shows through in his complex metaphor Love is God.

The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Nine

And so, ladies and gentlemen, I give you the class of 92 comme il faut threw her treetop into the air along with every unmatchable else. We made it, she panorama. Whatever happens tonight, Matt and Me ceriseith and I made it to graduation. T here had been multiplication this last school year when she had seriously doubted they would.Considering Sues death, fair had expected the graduation ceremony to be listless or grim. Instead, on that point was a sort of excited excitement about it. As if everyone was celebrating being alive-before it was too late.It glowering into rowdiness as parents surged forward and the senior class of Robert E. Lee fragmented in exclusively directions, whooping and acting up. Bonnie retrieved her cap and because looked up into her mothers camera lens.Act normal, thats whats important, she told herself. She caught a glimpse of Elenas aunt Judith and Robert Maxwell, the man auntie Judith had recently married, standing on the sidelines. Robert was hol ding Elenas little sister, Margaret, by the hand. When they saw her, they smiled bravely, but she felt uncomfortable when they came her way.Oh, Miss Gilbert-I mean, Mrs. Maxwell-you shouldnt have, she said as Aunt Judith handed her a sm in all nosegay of pink roses.Aunt Judith smiled through the tears in her eyes. This would have been a very special day for Elena, she said. I loss it to be special for you and Meredith, too.Oh, Aunt Judith. Impulsively, Bonnie threw her arms about the older woman. Im so sorry, she whispered. You make love how much.We all miss her, Aunt Judith said. Then she pulled back and smiled again and the three of them left. Bonnie turned from looking at them with a lump in her throat to look at the madly celebrating crowd.There was Ray Hernandez, the boy shed gone to Homecoming with, inviting every be to a party at his ho subprogram that night. There was Tylers friend Dick Carter, making a fool of himself as usual. Tyler was smiling brazenly as his father took word-painting after picture. Matt was listening, with an unimpressed look, to close to football recruiter from James Mason University. Meredith was standing progressby, holding a bouquet of red roses and looking pensive.Vickie wasnt there. Her parents had kept her home, motto she was in no state to go out. Caroline wasnt there either. She was staying in the apartment in Heron. Her mother had told Bonnies mother she had the flu, but Bonnie knew the truth. Caroline was scared.And possibly shes right, Bonnie thought, moving toward Meredith. Caroline may be the only one of us to make it through next week.Look normal, act normal. She reached Merediths group. Meredith was wrapping the red-and-black tassel from her cap around the bouquet, twisting it between elegant, nervous fingers.Be careful with that youll ruin it, she said aloud.Merediths look of thoughtful melancholy didnt change. She went on staring(a) at the tassel, kinking it up. It doesnt front fair, she said, that we should get these and Elena shouldnt. Its wrong.I know its awful, Bonnie said. except she kept her tone light. I wish there was something we could do about it, but we brush offt.Its all wrong, Meredith went on, as if she hadnt perceive. Here we are out in the sunlight, graduating, and there she is under that-stone.I know, I know, Bonnie said in a soothing tone. Meredith, youre getting yourself all upset. Why dont you try to think about something else? Look, after you go out to dinner with your parents, do you want to go to Raymonds party? Even if were not invited, we can crash it.No Meredith said with startling vehemence. I dont want to go to any party. How can you even think of that, Bonnie? How can you be so shallow?Well, weve got to do something Ill set up you what Im doing. Im expiration up to the cemetery after dinner. Im passage to put this on Elenas grave. Shes the one who deserves it. Merediths knuckles were white as she shake the tassel in her hand.Meredith, dont be a n idiot. You cant go up there, especially at night. Thats crazy. Matt would say the same thing.Well, Im not asking Matt. Im not asking anybody. Im liberation by myself.You cant. God, Meredith, I always thought you had some brains-And I always thought you had some sensitivity. But obviously you dont even want to think about Elena. Or is it just because you want her old boyfriend for yourself?Bonnie slapped her.It was a good hard slap, with plenty of energy behind it. Meredith drew in a keen breath, one hand to her reddening cheek. Everyone around them was staring.Thats it for you, Bonnie McCullough, Meredith said after a moment, in a voice of deadly quiet. I dont ever want to let out to you again. She turned on her heel and walk of lifeed awayNever would be too soon for me Bonnie shouted at her retreating back.Eyes were hastily averted as Bonnie looked around her. But there was no question that she and Meredith had been the center of attention for several minutes past. Bonnie bit the inside of her cheek to keep a straight face and walked over to Matt, who had lost the recruiter.Good.Do you think the slap was too much? We didnt really plan that I was just sort of going with the moment. Maybe it was too obviousIt was fine, just fine. Matt was looking preoccupied. non that dull, apathetic, turned-in look of the last few months, but distinctly abstracted.What is it? Something wrong with the plan? Bonnie said.No, no. Listen, Bonnie, Ive been thinking. You were the one to discover Mr. Tanners body in the Haunted House last Halloween, right?Bonnie was startled. She gave an involuntary shiver of distaste. Well, I was the first one to know he was dead, really dead, instead of just playing his scene. Why on earth do you want to talk about that now?Because maybe you can answer this question. Could Mr. Tanner have got a knife in Damon?What?Well, could he?I Bonnie blinked and frowned. Then she shrugged. I suppose so. Sure. It was a Druid cave in scene, remember, and t he knife we used was a real knife. We talked about using a fake one, but since Mr. Tanner was going to be lying right there beside it, we figured it was safe enough. As a matter of fact Bonnies frown deepened. I think when I found the body, the knife was in a dissimilar place from where wed set it in the set about. But then, some kid could have moved it. Matt, why are you asking?Just something Damon said to me, Matt said, staring off into the distance again. I wondered if it could be the truth.Oh. Bonnie waited for him to say more(prenominal), but he didnt. Well, she said finally, if its all cleared up, can you come back to Earth, transport? And dont you think you should maybe put your arm around me? Just to show youre on my side and theres no chance youre going to show up at Elenas grave tonight with Meredith?Matt snorted, but the faraway look disappeared from his eyes. For just a brief instant he put his arm around her and squeezed.D..j. vu, Meredith thought as she stood at th e gate to the cemetery. The problem was, she couldnt remember exactly which of her previous experiences in the graveyard this night reminded her of. There had been so many.In a way, it had all started here. It had been here that Elena had sworn not to rest until Stefan belonged to her. Shed made Bonnie and Meredith swear to help her, too -in blood. How suitable, Meredith thought now.And it had been here that Tyler had assaulted Elena the night of the Homecoming dance. Stefan had come to the rescue, and that had been the beginning for them. This graveyard had affectn a lot.This graveyard had been the beginning, and the end as well. And maybe there would be another end tonight.Meredith started walking.I wish you were here now, Alaric, she thought. I could use your optimism and your savvy about the supernatural-and I wouldnt mind your muscles, either.Elenas headstone was in the new cemetery, of course, where the grass was still tended and the graves marked with wreaths of flowers. The stone was very simple, almost bailiwick looking, with a brief inscription. Meredith bent run through and placed her bouquet of roses in front of it. Then, slowly, she added the red-and-black tassel from her cap. In this dim light, both colors looked the same, bid dried blood. She knelt and folded her hand quietly. And she waited.All around her the cemetery was still. It seemed to be waiting with her, breath held in anticipation. The rows of white stones stretched on either side of her, shining faintly. Meredith listened for any sound.And then she heard one. Heavy footsteps.With her head blast, she stayed quiet, pretending she noticed nothing.The footsteps sounded closer, not even bothering to be stealthy.Hi, Meredith.Meredith looked around quickly. Oh-Tyler, she said. You scared me. I thought you were-never mind.Yeah? Tylers lips skinned back in an unsettling grin. Well, Im sorry youre disappointed. But its me, just me and nobody else.What are you doing here, Tyler? No good pa rties?I could ask you the same question. Tylers eyes dropped to the headstone and the tassel and his face darkened. But I guess I already know the answer. Youre here for her. Elena Gilbert, A Light in Darkness, he read sarcastically.Thats right, Meredith said evenly. Elena means light, you know. And she was certainly surrounded by darkness. It almost beat her, but she won in the end.Maybe, Tyler said, and worked his jaw meditatively, squinting. But you know, Meredith, its a funny thing about darkness. Theres always more of it waiting in the wings.Like tonight, Meredith said, looking up at the sky. It was clear and dotted with faint stars. Its very dark tonight, Tyler. But sooner or later the sun leave behind come up.Just like he showed Elena, Meredith thought. In a way she was enjoying this verbal fencing, but she never lost sight of what she had come here for. Her icy fingers dipped into her jacket pocket and found the tiny sprig of vervain there. Thats all right, Tyler. I think Id prefer to stay here.You sure about that? A cemeterys a dangerous place to be alone.Unquiet spirits, Meredith thought. She looked right at him. I know.He was grinning again, displaying teeth like tombstones. Anyway, you can see it from here if you have good eyes. Look that way, toward the old graveyard. Now, do you see something sort of shining red in the middle?No. There was a nauseous luminosity over the trees in the east. Meredith kept her eyes on it.Aw, come on, Meredith. Youre not trying. Once the moons up youll see it better.Tyler, I cant waste any more time here. Im going.No, youre not, he said. And then, as her fingers tightened on the vervain, encompassing it in her fist, he added in a wheedling voice, I mean, youre not going until I tell you the story of that headstone, are you? Its a great story. See, the headstone is made of red marble, the only one of its kind in the whole graveyard. And that ball on top-see it?-that mustiness weigh about a ton. But it moves. It tu rns whenever a Smallwood is going to die. My grandfather didnt believe that he put a scratch on it right stack the front. He used to come out and check it every month or so. Then one day he came and found the scratch in the rear. The ball had turned completely backward. He did everything he could to turn it around, but he couldnt. It was too heavy. And that night, in bed, he died. They buried him under it.He belike had a heart attack from overexertion, Meredith said caustically, but her palms were tingling.Youre funny, arent you? Always so cool. Always so together. Takes a lot to make you scream, doesnt it?Im leaving, Tyler. Ive had enough.He let her walk a few paces, then said, You screamed that night at Carolines, though, didnt you?Meredith turned back. How do you know that?Tyler rolled his eyes. Give me credit for a little intelligence, okay? I know a lot, Meredith. For instance, I know whats in your pocket.Merediths fingers stilled. What do you mean?Meredith backed away a step .You think thats going to help you, dont you? But Im going to tell you a secret.Merediths eyes measured the distance between herself and the path. She kept her face calm, but a violent shaking was beginning inside her. She didnt know if she was going to be able to pull this off.Youre not going anywhere, babe, Tyler said, and a large hand clasped Merediths wrist. It was hot and damp where she could feel it below her jacket cuff. Youre going to stay right here for your surprise. His body was hunched now, his head thrust forward, and there was an exultant leer on his lips.Let me go, Tyler. Youre hurting me Panic flashed down all Merediths nerves at the feel of Tylers flesh against hers. But the hand only gripped harder, grinding tendon against bone in her wrist.This is a secret, baby, that nobody else knows, Tyler said, displace her close, his breath hot in her face. You came here all decked out against vampires. But Im not a vampire.Merediths heart was pounding. Let goFirst I want yo u to look over there. You can see the headstone now, he said, turning her so that she couldnt help but look. And he was right she could see it, like a red monument with a shining globe on top. Or-not a globe. That marble ball looked like it looked likeNow look east. What do you see there, Meredith? Tyler went on, his voice hoarse with excitement.It was the full moon. It had risen while hed been talking to her, and now it hung above the hills, perfectly round and enormously distended, a huge and swollen red ball.And that was what the headstone looked like. Like a full moon dripping with blood.You came here protected against vampires, Meredith, Tyler said from behind her, even more hoarsely. But the Smallwoods arent vampires at all. Were something else.And then he growled.No human throat could have made the sound. It wasnt an imitation of an animal it was real. A vicious guttural snarl that went up and up, snapping Merediths head around to look at him, to stare in disbelief. What she was seeing was so horrible her mind couldnt accept itI told you it was a surprise. How do you like it? Tyler said. His voice was slow with saliva, and his red tongue lolled among the rows of long canine teeth. His face wasnt a face anymore. It jutted out grotesquely into a muzzle, and his eyes were yellow, with slitlike pupils. His reddish-sandy hair had grown over his cheeks and down the back of his neck. A pelt. You can scream all you want up here and nobodys going to hear you, he added.Every muscle in Merediths body was rigid, trying to get away from him. It was a visceral reaction, one she couldnt have helped if she wanted to. His breath was so hot, and it smelled feral, like an animal. The nails he was digging into her wrist were short blackened claws. She didnt have the strength to scream again.Theres other things besides vampires with a taste for blood, Tyler said in his new slurping voice. And I want to taste yours. But first were going to have some fun.Although he still s tood on two feet, his body was humped and strangely distorted. Merediths struggles were feeble as he forced her to the ground. She was a strong girl, but he was far stronger, his muscles bunching under his shirt as he pinned her.Youve always been too good for me, havent you? Well, now youre going to pay back out what youve been missing.I cant breathe, Meredith thought wildly. His arm was across her throat, blocking her air. Gray waves rolled through her brain. If she passed out nowYoure going to wish you died as immediate as Sue. Tylers face floated above her, red as the moon, with that long tongue lolling. His other hand held her arms above her head. You ever hear the story of miniature Red Riding Hood?The gray was turning into blackness, speckled with little lights. Like stars, Meredith thought. Im falling in the starsTyler, take your hands off her Let go of her, now Matts voice shouted.Tylers slavering snarl broke off into a surprised whine. The arm against Merediths throat r eleased pressure, and air rushed into her lungs.Footsteps were pounding around her. Ive been waiting a long time to do this, Tyler, Matt said, jerking the sandy-red head back by the hair. Then Matts fist smashed into Tylers newly grown muzzle. Blood spurted from the mean animal nose.The sound Tyler made froze Merediths heart in her chest. He sprang at Matt, twisting in midair, claws outstretched. Matt fell back under the assault and Meredith, dizzy, tried to push herself up off the ground. She couldnt all her muscles were trembling uncontrollably. But someone else picked Tyler off Matt as if Tyler weighed no more than a doll.Just like old times, Tyler, Stefan said, setting Tyler on his feet and facing him.Tyler stared a minute, then tried to run.He was fast, dodging with animal agility between the rows of graves. But Stefan was faster and apologise him off.Stefan was dragging Tyler back. I always knew you were a jerk, he said, shoving Tyler against a headstone, but I didnt know y ou were this stupid. Id have thought you would have learned not to burst forth girls in graveyards, but no. And you had to brag about what you did to Sue, too. That wasnt smart, Tyler.Meredith looked at them as they faced each other. So different, she thought. Even though they were both creatures of darkness in some way. Stefan was pale, his green eyes blazing with anger and menace, but there was a dignity, almost a purity about him. He was like some stern angel carved in unyielding marble. Tyler just looked like a trapped animal. He was crouched, breathing hard, blood and saliva mingling on his chest. Those yellow eyes glittered with hate and fear, and his fingers worked as if hed like to claw something. A low sound came out of his throat.Dont worry, Im not going to beat you up this time, Stefan said. Not unless you try to get away. Were all going up to the church to have a little chat. You like to tell stories, Tyler well, youre going to tell me one now.Tyler sprang at him, vault ing straight from the ground for Stefans throat. But Stefan was ready for him. Meredith suspected that both Stefan and Matt enjoyed the next few minutes, working off their accumulated aggressions, but she didnt, so she looked away.In the end, Tyler was trussed up with nylon cord. He could walk, or shuffle at least, and Stefan held the back of his shirt and guided him urgently up the path to the church.Inside, Stefan pushed Tyler onto the ground near the open tomb. Now, he said, we are going to talk. And youre going to cooperate, Tyler, or youre going to bevery, very sorry.

Management and Acceptance Theory

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT SUBJECT CODE B-101 PART ONE Multiple Choice Questions with Single Response Q1. A Plan is a trip located to capture the ___________________ a. Future b. Past c. Policy d. Procedure Q2. It is the function of employing suitable person for the enterprise a. Organizing b. Staffing c. Directing d. Controlling Q3. _________________ means group of activities & employees into departments. a. Orientation b. standardisation c. Process d. Departmentation Q4. This possible action states that chest of drawers is the power that is take ined by others a.Acceptance guess b. Competence theory c. Formal authority theory d. Informal authority theory Q5. It means dispersal of decision-making power to the lower levels of the organization a. Decentralization b. Centralization c. Deispersion d. Delegation Q6. This chart is the basic document of the organizational structure a. working(a) chart b. Posts chart c. Master chart d. Departmental chart Q7. Communicatio ns which flow from superiors to subordinates with the help of scalar chain is kn stimulate as a. Informal communication b. Downward communication c.Upward communication d. Oral communication Q8. Needs for belongingness, friendship, love, affection, attention & social betrothal ar a. Physiological necessarily b. Safety needs c. Ego needs d. Social needs Q9. A trouble function which ensures jobs to be filled with the right lot, with the right knowledge, skill & attitudes a. Staffing defined b. Job abbreviation c. Manpower planning d. Recruitment Q10. It is a process that enables a person to sort out issues and reach to a decisions affecting their life a. Selection b. come down c. Reward d.Counseling PART TWO Short Notes Type Questions Q1. Differentiate between Administration and Management. Q2. What were the common drawbacks in neoclassical and Neo classical theories of management? Q3. Write a short note on Line Organization. Q4. Write a short note on Acceptance theory. Answe r 2 Classical theories of management relate to the earliest theories of management, that really led to recognition of management as and independent discip clientele of work and study. These include the ideas of pioneers like Fredrick W. Taylor, Frank Gilbreth.Max Weber, and Henry Fayol. These theories came into being beginning from late nineteenth century and were considered the core of management theory till about 1930s. Neo-classical theories of management developed during 1920s and later. These lavatory be broadly divides in two groups theories related to human aspects of management, and quantitative management techniques. Each of the theories under classical and neo-classical groups have their own values and limitations. But when we come to the common drawbacks of these theories, i can think of only one.All these theories concentrated on some limited aspect of management, and case-hardened is as if it is the sole or most important aspect of management. Also, as would be natur al to any developing discipline of management. Thus while people like Taylor concentrated too much on physical aspects of work, people connected with Hawthorne Studies, erroneously believed that they have discovered truths about shop-floor practices of workmen till then totally unknown to others, and concluded that the key to management lies only in promoting appropriate group behavior.Answer 3 Line organization is the most oldest and simplest method of administrative organization. According to this type of organization, the authority flows from top to bottom in a concern. The line of want is carried out from top to bottom. This is the reason for calling this organization as scalar organization which means scalar chain of command is a part and parcel of this type of administrative organization. In this type of organization, the line of command flows on an even basis without any gaps in communication and co- ordination taking place.Features of Line Organization 1. It is the simples t form of organization. 2. Line of authority flows from top to bottom. 3. specialize and supportive services do not learn place in these organizations. 4. Unified control by the line officers can be maintained since they can independently take decisions in their argonas and spheres. This kind of organization always helps in bringing efficiency in communication and bringing stability to a concern. Merits of line Organization 1. Simplest- It is the most simple and oldest method of administration. 2.Unity of Command In these organizations, superioir-subordiante relationship is maintained and scalar chain of command flows from top to bottom. 3. Better correspond The control is unified and concentrates on one person and therefore, he can independently make decision of his own. Unified control ensures better discipline. 4. Flexibility in that respect is a co-ordination between the top most authority and bottom line authority. 5. Prompt decision Due to the factors of fixed responsibili ty and unity of command, the officials can take prompt decision. Demerits of Line Organization 1.Over reliance The line executives decisions are implemented to the bottom. This results in over-relying on the line officials. 2. Lack of specialisation A line organization flows from a scalar chain from top to bottom and there is no scope for specialized functions. 3. Inadequate communication The policies and strategies which are framed by the top authority are carried out in the same way. This leaves no scope for communication from the other end. The complaints and suggestions of lower authority are not communicated back to the top authority. So there is one way communications. 4.Lack of co- ordination Whatever decisions are taken by the line officials, in certain situations wrong decisions, are carried down and implemented in the same way. Therefore, the degree of effective co-ordination is less. 5. Authority leadership The line officials have tendency to ill-use their authority pos itions. This leads to autocratic leadership and monopoly in the concern. Answer4 The acceptance theory is a philosophy which argues that authority does not depend as much on persons of authority who devote orders as on the willingness of those who receive the orders to comply with them. This idea combines both the traditional approach to management of a top- down structure where subordinates are to comply with the decisions of management. Yet, it is in any case embracing a more modern understanding of management, where this compliance is not blind and done without some level of questioning. If one were to buy the acceptance theory of management, then one also has to accept that subordinates do possess some level of intrinsic power that requires explanation, articulation, and clear definition of company policies and initiatives.In the acceptance theory model of management, the companys superiors must have a rapport with their subordinates so that this communication is evident, for their understanding and willingness to accept decisions, comply with policy, and fulfill management vision is essential. To accept acceptance theory, management must accept the premise that their workers have to be accepted as beings with their own sense of autonomy, freedom, and reasonability, as opposed to drones who will blindly follow where the company leads.

meditech surgical case Essay

IntroductionMeditech is a confidential informationer in the endoscopic surgical instrumental role market. The companionship manufactures and market low cost endoscopy surgical equipment to hospitals and independent surgeons. The companys distribution operation is arranged and managed from a central storage w behouse that ships its growths to domestic and international affiliates. The organization have been experiencing a good customer service experience in the past, however, lately customers have expressed concerns with the time overlaps atomic turn 18 being delivered to them. Due to the nature of the indus move, the delivery of surgical equipment on time is extremely important. The on time delivery of wares to its customers has become the main problem for the firm. Currently, Meditechs customers are waiting over six weeks for products to be delivered to them. This current practice is not acceptable and must be addressed by management promptly if Meditech wants to stay compet itive and keep its current market share.Statement and Causes of the problemMeditechs main problem is that a bullwhip effect was produced due to organizational and write out bowed stringed instrument problems. The method used by Meditech to balance customer demands with planned production is not in effect servingits purpose. The catalogue of products being offered by Meditech continues to ripen and replacing current items, making obsolete old products that are in their catalogue and current customer orders. Poor customer demands prognostic, long convocation top times, and changing products are the main reason why inventory levels are not enough to satisfy customers demands. While the assembly lines set aboutto keep with demand and companys resources are getting exhausted trying to launch a new product, the distributors then pass on increase their product demand, which causes a bottle neck effect as it moves up the supply compass process. As the initial demand slows down ther e are quench backup of high demand of inventory being produced. This cycle would repeat again as new products are being released to the market. Due to these problems, Meditech supply chain and management has created a poor customer service.Another problem of Meditech is communication. there is not enough communication between main operations departments in the company this is causing information to become distorted as it makes its way through the supply chain line. The lack of communication and information increases the firms lead to demand variation as orders or demand is being process through the supply chain systems and departments. In consequence, distributors are feeling the effect by long waiting periods of time, thus this also causes them to place larger orders in an effort to help them compensate the waiting time. Panic ordering by distributors is caused by lack of communication and in turn leads into the problem of the bullwhip effect.Meditechs current distribution system is inefficient and obviously is causing an inflated demand of products. There is not enough information being shared among distributors and Meditechs operations. Each distributor receives orders from different regional warehouse, which makes it hard to see the bullwhip effect. The organizations forecasting system is also confronting serious problems. The current organizations forecast system is determined by marketing and finance departments on an annual basis. The annual forecast is then broken down into monthly and weekly forecasts and is frequently adjusted by Central Planners according to market trends. Meditech has realized that leads to forecasting problems when they try to shut in newproducts. The organization realizes that they are unable to in effect predict demand for new products, which causes large demand fluctuations and backorders.Decision Criteria & Alternative solutions + Recommended Solution, Implementation and exculpationMeditech can try few alternatives proces s to reduce demand variation and the possibility of panic ordering. The company should improve how customer ordering is processed, they should more powerfully share demand information, and increase lead times on new products. The forecast methods needs to be upgraded to reflect current needs, the company should also introduce vendor managed inventory and an e-commerce web site to share information with its customers. All of these functions should be centralized and shared among all of the supply chain channels that are involved. With improvements in forecasting it would be much cheaper and more efficient with the introduction of new products to stock finished goods inventory based on projected forecasts. By pushis anticipating the fluctuations in demands that may be caused with the introduction of a new product. Meditech will now have products available exactly when the customer needs them, and will no longer be forced into back order. A push strategy will also allow Meditech to b e more confident in their inventory policies and should allow them to lower their current inventory policy to a level that is more economical and feasible.Q1) Meditechs problem in introducing new products. In manufacturing ALL products. Meditech introduces 1 new product per month on an average. Most of the new products are only upgrades of old products. This con billetrably reduces the life-cycle of the products. Majority of Meditech customers are physical Managers whose primary focus is on cost and delivery schedules but not on innovative product features. Though no major problems arise products intfrom assembly line perspective, signs of cognitive dissonance may arise in customers. No attempt is made by Meditech to understand the Demand Dynamics along the product lifecycle.Qualitative factors that have been identified as critical success drivers for a new product launch are time-to-market relative to competition or product diffusion. But Meditech does not launch new products rela tive to competition and by constantly pushing new innovations into the market it does not allow its products to diffuse effectively into the market. Every new product launch requires a lead time of around 5-19 weeks (excluding design phase lead time) which is very high. With every product launch, pushing the product into the market becomes the primary consideration of the sales force thereby neglecting customer service for older products. These constant launches have led toSupply side shortagesDelayed deliveries (6 weeks)Low customer serviceLow customer satisfactionInaccurate forecastsHigh FG inventory levelsThe product portfolio of Meditech comprises about 200 separate end-products and the number is increasing. These wide ranges of products make Meditech rely heavily on suppliers wherein the lead time is 2-16 weeks. So practising JIT, which would be very effective for Meditech, becomes impossible in this case. Meditech organizational anatomical structure has a long scalar chain. I nformation dissemination becomes difficult here if there are too many products in the portfolio.Q2) Cause of the problems, systematically and organizationally ISHIKAWA FISH-BONE DIAGRAM WAS USED TO DISSECT THE CAUSE AND EFFECTQ3) Why is customer service manager the first person to recognize the major issues? The scalar chain from Customer Service Manager to the Customer Service Representative is only of two steps. The representatives work in direct contact with dealers and affiliates and are often in direct contact with hospital personnel i.e. their consumers. A general rule of thumb is If you want the best feedback, ask your consumers. This network would have proved effective for feedback-information flow.Mr. Dan Franklin himself held manymeetings with hospital material managers. This brought forth the level of dissatisfaction amongst his customers, Meditechs poor service levels and improper delivery schedules.Q4) How would you fix these problems?The foremost thing we would do is follow through an ERP System costing around $100,000. This would help in amend data storage & warehousing, analysis and forecasting. We would reduce the frequency of new product launches. We would prefer a leaner product portfolio. We would lay emphasis on better forecasts with a shorter horizon of 1-2 months. We would maintain a safety stock so as to pass on a service level of 95%. We would work to reduce the assembly cycle time from the current level of 2 weeks. We would look for new and better supplier relations to reduce the supplier lead time from the current level of 2-16 weeks.References1. (Bass 1969, Krishnan 2000)2. (Porter 1985, Kailash and Lilien 1986)

Macbeth and Ambition Essay

Ambition is a strong feeling of wanting to be successful in achieving a design (Encarta Dictionary). An example of an ambition is in the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare. The main character, Macbeth is described as non without ambition, (Shakespeare, 1.5. 19) to become the king. Therefore, he has the drive, and he desires for the success of becoming the king. However, by achieving his goal and satisfying his ambition, the characters soul and characteristics are gradually corrupted. As Macbeth satisfies his goal, he result change from universe a kind natured person to some unmatched who is ill. He will lose his h wiz and only(a)sty. He will also lose his holiness and begin to become evil. In Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the theme, satisfying ones ambition coffin nail lead to depravation of the soul, is demonstrated in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 33 through parable, alliteration, and connotation.The theme of gladness of ones ambition leading to corruption is hand over i n Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15-33 and can be seen through the use of metaphor. The author uses a metaphor to describe him as full o th milk of human kindness, (Shakespeare, 1.5.17). He compares Macbeths kindness to full o th milk. This implies that Macbeth is the nigh kind, sweet, and warm-hearted. He is complete with these characteristics. However, in order to satisfy his ambition, The illness should attend it, (Shakespeare, 1.5.20) Macbeths kindness will not be able to help him gain his goal, so he must become ill. Illness has a negative connation, kernel morally bad, unkind, evil, or intending harm (Encarta Dictionary).By becoming ill, he will be corrupting his soul, changing his characteristics from good to bad. Through Macbeths character change from being kind, demonstrated by a metaphor, to being ill, the theme of satisfaction of an ambition leading to the corruption of the soul can substantially be seen in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 33 of Macbeth. The theme of satisfaction of ones ambition leading to corruption is arrange in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15-33 and can also be seen through the use of alliteration. Lady Macbeth says Macbeth wouldst not play false, (Shakespeare, 1.5.21). This implies that Macbeth is honest, since he would never do false or lie. Lady Macbeth than uses alliteration to describe what must be done in order to carry through his ambition he wouldst wrongly win (Shakespeare, 1.5.20) Every word in this phrase begins the sound w, making it an alliteration.These words have opposite connotations. The word, wrongly has a negative connotation, meaning mistakenly, and to fail to conform to ideas of morality or justice (Encarta Dictionary). On the other hand, winning has a more positive connotation, meaning victorious and succeeding (Encarta Dictionary). If Macbeth wouldst wrongly win, (Shakespeare, 1.5.20), he is succeeding amorally and mistakenly. He is not supposed to succeed in becoming the king and achieving his ambition because it is a mi stake. He is winning without justice, or cheating. By winning, or achieving his ambition, he must cheat, losing his honest ways and become dishonest. His soul will become corrupt by becoming dishonest. Thus, Macbeths character change from being honest to being dishonest, displayed by alliteration, the theme of satisfaction of an ambition leading to the corruption of the soul can easily be seen in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 33 of Macbeth.The theme of satisfaction of ones ambition leading to corruption is present in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15-33 and can also be seen through the use of connotation. Lady Macbeth describes as someone who does, holily (Shakespeare, 1.5.20). The word holily has a positive connotation. By doing holily, he is virtuous, pure, serving God, and has morals (Encarta Dictionary). In order to satisfy his ambition, he must be convolute with metaphysical, (1.5.32). This word has negative connotation because it is referring to the threesome witches that predicted Macbe ths fate.These witches are related to Hecate, a goddess of witchcraft and evil (http//www.theoi.com). Since the three witches are working with the goddess of evil, their intentions are also evil. To satisfy his ambition, Macbeth must be involved with these evil beings. Macbeth will change from a person who does holily, pure, and does things related to God, to a person who is involved with evil beings. This illustrates the corruption of his soul. Therefore, Macbeths character change from being involved with God, and being pure to being involved with evil beings, displayed by connotation, the theme of satisfaction of an ambition leading to the corruption of the soul can easily be seen in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 33 of Macbeth.In Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the theme, satisfying ones ambition can lead to corruption of the soul, is demonstrated in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 33 through metaphor, alliteration, and connotation. The main character Macbeth changes from being kind to ill . He also loses his honesty and becomes a cheater. Macbeth also becomes a person who served God to a person who is involved to evil beings. Therefore, the theme satisfying your ambition leading to the corruption of the soul is present in Act 1, Scene 5, lines 15 33 through metaphor, alliteration, and connotation.

Economic Commentary Essay

This article talks about a recent increase in the consider of unemployment in the Euro-zone countries due to the fall of the regulate of inflation, which was caused by a decrease in the oil and commodity prices. In this commentary, I give analyze the relationship in the midst of these two economic problems, discuss their effects and evaluate the possible solutions.Europes inflation dropped from 1.6% to 1.1% in the last two months. fit to economic theory, such a fall in the general price level (PL) is not ideal because it limits economic growth. In this case, the decrease of inflation rate is caused by a raise in the short run aggregate supply (SRAS) due to the fall of the oil and commodity prices. This also reduces the consumers price expectations, in that respectfore diminish aggregate demand (AD). See graphsThe effects of this situation are double-sided. The fall in the European inflation rate will hurt people with variable incomes, and take in people with fixed incomes. D ue to the increase in the purchasing power of currency, it will hurt borrowers and benefit lenders. As the value of money rises, savings will become more productive however, it will cause a fall in expectations that reduces investment in the stock market. Finally, it will discourage the creation of impudently ventures although, it will counter future capital flight.In addition to these effects, inflation provokes unemployment. The European Central Bank (ECB) has reported that its unemployment rate rose from 7.9% to 8% in December, as inflation decreased. In the European Union, anyone 15 years of age or older who is not working but available for work and actively looking for one is considered unemployed. This type of unemployment is classified as cyclical because it varies with the business cycle.In order to understand better how unemployment relates to inflation, the economist A.W. Phillips did several studies showing that there is a trade-off mingled with them. As inflation inc reases, people have more money in their hands. This will encourage the government to increase its spending, thereof creating new jobs. Phillips designed a curve (PC) that portrayed the relationship between these contradictory macroeconomic goals.Increasing unemployment has the following economic and social costAccording to Arthur Okun, for every 1% increase in unemployment, there is a 2.5% decrease in the real GDP which will increase government borrowing and cipher deficit, leading to a raise in the indebtedness of the countries.More unemployment implies more people insured by the social security programs hence, the government welfare costs will increase. In addition, less people in conditions to pay income taxes will reduce government tax revenues.Unemployment causes an increase in homelessness and, therefore, in street personnel and crime. Similarly, it incites alcoholism and drug consumption, as well as immigration and suicides.From the PC, it can be concluded that a higher in flation will decrease the rate of unemployment in the EU. This, according to the article, will be attempted by the ECB through the implementation of discretionary expansionary financial policy, which consists in a raise in money supply and a decrease in interest rate, to increase AD and lower SRAS. This is a policy taken from the Neo-Keynesian macro-model that believes in interventionism and short run measures to prevent deflation. See graphOne of the strengths of monetary policy is the short recognition, decision and execution lags. According to economists Mendel Gordon and Milton freedwoman, they vary from 5-10 months and 6-24 months, respectively. One of its weaknesses, identified by Neo-Keynesian fiscal activists, is the weak links between banks and borrowers. This means that, regardless the interest rate changes, expectations remain unchanged. Fiscal activists also believe that monetary policy works indirectly and, thus, more slowly however, monetary activists claim that it is not slower than fiscal policy.Finally, monetary policy would succeed in increasing the rate of inflation, although it is limited by cash leakages and volt cash. Moreover, Milton Freedman affirms that it may destabilize the economy because of insufficient information. Consequently, it is better to follow the K% rule which consists in the establishment of a constant money growth rate determined by the Central Bank.

Medias Effect on Violent Behavior in Society

childrens use of media is socialized mostly in the family (cf. Bryant, 1990). Television is an essential part of family life. c overing occurs mainly with other family members, especially for young children. For instance, in one longitudinal battleground, more than 70% of the time that 3- to 7-year-old children spent watching general audience program occurred with a parent (St. Peters, Fitch, Huston, Wright, Eakins, 1991). Moreover, television habits are do worked earliest. The amount of television viewed is somewhat stable from age 3 onward, probably because it depends on family patterns that do non change quickly (Huston, Wright, Rice, Kerkman, St. Peters, 1990).The process of learning is composite and multifaceted. The child should negotiate a series of vital tasks as he or she grows. The child must(prenominal) protect a sense of attachment to mother, father, and family (Bowlby, 1988). Then the child must move through the phases of separation and individuation (Mahler, waste, Bergman, 1975). Here, the baby begins to move toward being a person (i.e., toward developing an internalized world of thought, emotion, and judgment that leave alone facilitate the baby to be autonomous and self-regulating). From thither, the child must start to deal with his or her issues of intimate identity, competition, power, and insertion in the group, elements that Freud (1933/ 1964) termed the Oedipal phase.The relationship between unconscious fantasy and the growth of the personality can be understood from the followingThe growth of the personality occurs with the festering of the perceptual apparatus, of memory as well as from the hoarded experience and learning from reality. This process of learning from reality is connected with the development and changes in unconscious fantasy. on that point is a constant struggle with the childs invincible fantasies and the encounter of realities, good and bad. (Segal, 1991, p. 26)It is also been asserted by experts that m edia is somewhat unethical for children.Television with its extreme reaching go spreads transversely the globe. Its most significant part is that of reporting the news and sustaining communication linking people around the world. Televisions most prominent, yet most stern feature is its shows for merriment. rage in entertainment is a main issue in the growth of craze in society, Violence is the exploit of ones powers to mete out mental or physical injury upon another, and exemplars of this would be rape or murder. Violence in entertainment attains the public through television, movies, plays, and novels.On July 26, 2000, officers of the American Medical Association, the American honorary society of Pediatrics, the American Psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry issued a Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children, which was subs equently endorsed by both houses of the United States Congress.At this time, well over 1,000 studiesincluding reports from the Surgeon Generals office, the National Institute of intellectual health, and numerous studies conducted by leading figures within our medical and public health organizationsour own memberspointOverwhelmingly to a causal connection between media force out and aggressive behavior in some children. The conclusion of the public health community, base on over thirty years of research, is that viewing entertainment violence can lead to increases in aggressive attitudes, values, and behavior, particularly in children. (Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children, Congressional human race wellness Summit, July 26, 2000).The effect of entertainment violence on children is complex and variable. Some children will be affected more than others. But while duration, intensity, and extent of the impact may vary, there are several measurable neg ative effects of childrens exposure to violent entertainment. We in no right smart mean to imply that entertainment violence is the sole, or even necessarily the most important factor contributing to youth aggression, anti-social attitudes, and violence. Nor are we advocating restrictions on creative activity.The purpose of this chronicle is descriptive, not prescriptive we seek to lay out a clear picture of the pathological effects of entertainment violence. But we do hope that by articulating and releasing the consensus of the public health community, we may encourage greater public and parental awareness of the harms of violent entertainment, and encourage a more honest talks about what can be done to enhance the health and well-being of Americas children (Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children, Congressional Public Health Summit, July 26, 2000).New interactive digital media have become an integral part of childrens lives. Nearly half (48%) of child ren six and under have used a computer (31% of 0-3 year-olds and 70% of 4-6 year-olds). Just under a third (30%) has played video games (14% of 0-3 year-olds and 50% of 4-6 year-olds). Even the youngest children those under two are widely receptive to electronic media. Forty-three percent of those under two watches TV every day and 26% have a TV in their bedroom (the American Academy of Pediatrics urge parents to avoid television for children under 2 years old). In any given day, two-thirds (68%) of children under two will use a screen media, for an average of just over two hours (205). (PR Newswire 10/28/2003)Moreover, children at elementary level constantly struggle between fantasy and reality can be seen in the childs deep ambivalence concerning accepting the difference between whats real and whats made up. The child frequently attempts to cloud differences, particularly those existing between the sexes and the generations. The child wants to be everything he or she wants to be his or her own cause, he or she wants to be unlimited. The child wants to be a boy and a girl to be his or her own father and mother to know everything without learning and so forth. One can readily see that TV (as well as movies and video games) can be experienced as a means to gain the delusion of gratifying those wishes.However, teachers and parents severalize that fantasy and daydreams persist to play an active, at times predominant, aspect of the childs development all through his or her formative years. In many cases, it is not until early adolescence that we see children able to assimilate their fantasies with rational thought in a way that make certain that external reality takes an increasing hold over perception, reasoning, and behavior.Although many more years are required before the child matures into a person who adeptly and constantly discriminates the internal from the external in a usually integrated fashion. It is this slow and accruing process of thought and f antasy being integrated with the resultant increase in the growth of the personality that seems to undergo the most proscription when the consumption of media images becomes extreme or defensive.Childrens animated cartoons show how outer, media-based images mimic the form of unconscious fantasy. The cartoon is a psychologically accusald, exciting portrayal of fantastic (animated) characters. Its form is simple An underdog (disguised child) comes into conflict with others (the top dog = parents or older children). There is danger, threat of destruction or death that is conquering in a witching(prenominal) and effortless fashion where pleasure and laughter are the outcome.The Coyote wants to eat the Roadrunner Elmer Fudd wants to shoot Daffy Duck. Throughout complex and irrational activities, the victim triumphs over the villain. Furthermore, there are no real consequences attendant to the use of immense aggression and force. Magically, all characters reappear in the next cartoon a nd the cycle of conflict and decree, satisfy the childs wish to overcome limitation and smallness, is repeated once more.Further, teacher in classroom can develop the childs ability to be creative, to construct a transitional space (Winnicott, 1978) within which to form new blends of inner and outer, is inhibited to the degree that the childs mind is saturated with media-based images, characters, stories, and inspiration. The child must transform the raw material of both his or her inner and outer world in a pleasing synthesis in order to feel truly knowledgeable and in charge of his or her existence. The passivity by-product of TV viewing leads to a restraint of autonomous inspiration and produces what teachers are seeing more and more anxious, irritable, angry, and demanding children who are ineffective to play and who demand to be entertained in a mode that approximates their experience of TV viewing.The use of drugs and alcohol utilize the same mechanisms as TV to achieve thei r psychological effects. As the substance users body and mind are chemically altered, deep unconscious fantasies of security, charisma, power, or limitlessness are activated. Hence, Winn (1985) was accurate in describing TV as the plug-in drug as the use of TV to fend off depression, anxiety, and conflict is identical in its function to that of drugs and alcohol.The faction of instant pleasure can be seen to plea to the universal wish to be the satisfied infant sucking at the breast a mere cry, the feed and the comfort of satisfied sleep. The reality is unfortunately much more difficult, for what we see are increasing numbers of frustrated, angry, and uncooperative children, experiencing their wishes as demands, and their hopes as entitlements.However, learning is fundamentally based on more about how to communicate effectively with children on the subject of coping with the intimidating aspects of their environment. It is significant to recognize that some level of fear is desir able and indeed may be important to survival in certain situations. On the other hand, overburdening children with fears of horrendous disasters that are either unavoidable or highly unlikely to threaten them personally may add undue stress to the procedure of growing up.Because television is one of childrens main sources of information about the world, we consider to be capable to make reasoned decisions about what to expose our children to and when. We also require being able to explain crucial features of life to them in an age-appropriate way that preserves their youthful optimism while encouraging necessary and suitable precautions.Annotated BibliographyBowlby J. (1988). A secure base Clinical applications of attachment theory. London Rutledge. This book offers the recent study in attachment theory.Bryant J. (Ed.). (1990). Television and the American family. Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. This book presents a current provides an updated analysis of the interaction between families and televisionFreud S. (1964). New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis (standard edition, 22). London Hogarth Press. (Original work published in 1933) The book contains summarizing presentation of some of Freuds later theory, most questioning constructs and a peculiar treatment of pistillate sexuality as well as super-ego formation.Huston A. C., Wright J. C., Rice M. L., Rerkman D., St. M. Peters ( 1990). The development of television viewing patterns in early childhood A longitudinal investigation. developmental Psychology, 26, 409-420. This book comprises current analysis of educational communications and technology.Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children, Congressional Public Health Summit, July 26, 2000. Also Available At http//www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/jstmtevc.htmThis article summarizes a clear relationship between violence in the media and violent behavior in children.Mahler M., Pine F., Bergman A. (1975). The psychologi cal birth of the human infant. New York Basic Books. The work is the revolutionary contribution to infant psychology.New Study Finds Children Age Zero to Six go as Much Time With TV, Computers and Video Games as Playing Outside One in Four Children Under Two Have a TV in Their Bedroom. WASHINGTON, PR Newswire 10/28/2003. This report presents the findings of a study which took place from September 2004 to July 2005. The article investigated childrens use of popular culture, media as well as new technologies in the home in England.Segal H. (1991). Dream, phantasy and art. London Tavistock/Routledge. This book is about Segals ideas on symbolism, aesthetics, dreams, as well as the examination of psycho thinking also she brings them vibrantly alive in an innovative integration which links them afresh to the work of Freud, Klein, and Bion.St. M. Peters, Fitch M., Huston A. C., & Wright J. C., & Eakins D. (1991). Television and families What do young children watch with their parents? Ch ild Development, 62, 1409-1423. This word analyzed a number of questions regarding the amount of viewing as well as types of programs children and parents watch alone and together.Winn M. (1985). The plug-in drug Television, children and the family. New York Penguin Books. This book is on the subject of the effects of television on children and families.

Family and Government in Chinese Social HIstory Essay

subgenus Chen Village, chinaware, gives us a close-up look at the life of majority of Chinas population the villagers during the geological era of Communist leadership and policies during the 20th century. It presents an enthralling account of facts on Chinese villages in the throes of Maoist gyration followed by dramatic changes in village life and local politics during the Deng Xiaoping period. The once-backwater village is today a center of Chinas export industry, where more than 50,000 workers labor in modern factories, ruled by the village government.This new edition of Chen Village illuminates, in microcosm, the recent history of rural China up to the present time (Chan, Madsen and Ungera). The passage manifests the revolution Chen village, and the whole of China as well, underwent in terms of her industrial aspect alongside with Chinas shift from Communist Government to a Peoples Republic via a Revolution. Guo Xun, in The Evils of the Old Marriage System (1921), explained the importance of a happy home. The saddle sore of work is not worth the toil if its proceeds are not for something of prime importance for the worker.This emphasizes the wholeness of government and people. It is of utmost necessity that the government is by the people because it is only when it is theirs that they result obey some(prenominal) the government would command. The analogy of Guo Xun about the effects of forced marriage to a family and to the society to that of the whole estate is very precise with what happened in the later parts of the history of China. When marriage is forced, the man and wife ordain not be committed to work for the family. When the couple does not work, they create a tremendous ostracise effect on the productivity of the society.When the parents do not do well for the family, they cannot make the children secured so as to develop obedience from them. Rightfully, when a government is not by the people, they will never harbor the mania to obey what the government suggests, instead, the constituents of the country will start to rebel and clash from the government so as to develop a revolution a revolution that in to the highest degree all cases and in almost every country that it existed results to a half-way victory a new government to look over a barren, bloody land.In contrast to Hu Hanmins philosophy where the power to decide for the constituents is in the family head, Guo Xun, believes that there should be mutual understanding between the government and the constituents in order to establish a harmonious nation. If virtuoso looks at Chen Village now that China is under a Peoples Republic kind of government, it will look ten thousand miles afar better than when it was ruled by communism. A republican would so much likely be happy with what he can see than how a commie would be.And everything happened this sustaining up to this days because China did not continue to live under the power of a single communist leader w hom the majority did not choose for them to obey, but asserted their right for a happy familythat atomic number 53 that is not forced, but is mutually and wholeheartedly committed to extend public service to an obedient people. hold up Cited Anita Chan, Richard Madsen, and Jonathan Ungera. 2009. Chen Village. Revolution to Globalization, Third Edition. 29 May 2010.

Essay of dream act Essay

personal credit line DescriptionThis be given is an examination of the underlying theoretical principles of development every(prenominal)(prenominal)y take into account practices applied to programs, environments, emphasizing the recognise role of kinships, constructive adult-child interactions, and teaching strategies in give birthing physical, social, creative and intellectual development for all children. This course includes a review of the historical roots of archean childhood programs and the evolution of the overlord practices promoting advocacy, moral philosophy and professional identity. eat Objectives upon successful completion of this course disciples testament-a. set the historical roots of early childhood education. b. slant different program types, delivery systems and licensing and regulation structures in early childhood settings.c. Demonstrate awargonness of developmental ages and stages.d. Define developmentally, culturally and linguistically appropri ate practice.e. Describe why access to play is important for all children and ways of using a play-based curriculum as a vehicle for developing skills, dispositions, and knowledge.f. Describe appropriate adaptations (programmatic, curricular and environmental strategies) needed to certification children with diverse abilities and characteristics.g. give away and compargon effective policies, practices and environments in early childhood settings.h. Describe the characteristics of effective relationships and interactions between early childhood professionals, children, families and colleagues and examine the importance of collaboration.i. Describe the relationship ofobservation, picturening, implementation, and assessment in effective programming.j. Comp are and contrast principles of positive steerage and identify strategies for different ages.k. Identify practices promoting positive family line populate management, guidance, communication and problem-solving skills.l. Develop strategies to maintain communication and access with English language eruditeness families and children. m. Demonstrate skills to maintain positive team relations.n. Explain child development as a profession, including ethics and professional organizations. o. Compare and contrast theoretical perspectives.p. Develop and articulate a professional philosophy. pupil instruction Outcomes1. Examine the value of play as a vehicle for developing skills, knowledge, dispositions and strengthening relationships among preteen children.2. test the relationship between observation, planning, implementation and assessment in developing effective teaching strategies and positive knowledge and development.3. Assess early childhood settings, curriculum and teaching strategies utilizing indicators of prime(prenominal) early childhood practice that support all children including those with diverse characteristics and their families.4. Interpret shell and promising teaching and care practices as defined deep down the field of early care and education including an historic overview, range of delivery systems, program philosophies and hvirtuosost standards.5. Identify the underlying theoretical perspective in forming a professional philosophy.6. Examine a variety of guidance and interaction strategies to increase childrens social competence and promote a caring carve uproom community.This Course Meets NAEYC Early Childhood Associate Degree Accreditation Standard 5 Becoming a original- bookmans prepared in associate degree programs identify and conduct themselves as members of the early childhood profession. They know and exercising ethical guidelines and other professional standards related to early childhood practice.They are continuous, collaborative learners who demonstrate knowledgeable, reflective, and critical perspectives on their rifle, making informed decisions thatintegrate knowledge from a variety of sources. They are informed advocates for sound educational practices and policies. attention and ParticipationStudents are anticipate to attend all order meetings. As future ECE professionals, students essential demonstrate the commitment to professional standards through good attendance and punctuality. Please arrive on cartridge clip and do non leave early. It reflects badly on you and you go out miss important set genuines. Attendance and participation are vital to success in this, or whatsoever other college-level course. Students may not make up in- fellowship activities, nor may they complete those activities early. Journal writing is faultless and in-class points are recorded at different times throughout the class seance. If you are unable to attend the full class session regularly, you should arrange to take another section of this class.It is always the students responsibility to acquire class materials for any deep in thought(p) class time. DO NOT phone or email the instructor for missed class materials. Towards th is end, students are encouraged to obtain a phone or email buddy, fail the number or email talking to of a classmate and agree to share data when one or the other is absent. This instructor makes use of BlackBoard. All grants and handouts are available via our course shell and or so assignments may be submitted in BlackBoard as well. Students who miss the first class without notifying the instructor lead be dropped. Excessive absences (more than 2) may result in the student being dropped from the class. However, students should not assume that lamentable attendance exit automatically result in a Withdrawal. It is the students responsibility to fulfil Enrollment Services and the instructor to arrange to drop a course. Students learn best when they feel booming and safe.To this end, each student pull up stakes be expected to come to class prepared, to be dainty of fellow classmates, and to expeditiously participate in the learning process. This means that you will demand read the material in preparation for discussion in class and will flirt questions and comments about assignments to class. Students who are active learners do best in all academic arenas and are best prepared to teach young children how to be active learners. If any student has a problem, question, concern, and/or special learning need, it is expected that these will be discussed, in private, with the instructor. Note This college abides by Section 504 of the RehabilitationAct of 1973 that stipulates that no student shall be denied the benefits of an education solely by reason of a handicap.If you relieve oneself a documented disability, which limits a major life activity that may have some impact on your work in this class and for which you may require accommodation, entertain discuss that with your instructor during the first two weeks of class. In addition, please seek the support of the Disabled Students Programs and Services at 773-2535 so that appropriate accommodations ma y be arranged. schoolroom Routines and ExpectationsEach day class will follow the same routine with some variations for special class trips or projects.When you enter the classroom, please check in with the instructor. Pick up your folder and remove any stratified work. Keep your folder with you until the end of the class session. Place any work to be graded in the folder and return it to the instructor introductory to leaving. We will have a short meeting to clarify the class objectives and tasks for the day. After meeting students will have one to one and a half(prenominal) hours of self-directed work time. During this time students may complete chapter reading, work on individual opuss or projects, work on group themes or projects (quietly so that those working on individual projects are not disturbed).During the self-directed portion of class, each student will meet with the instructor for 5-10 hrs. This is the time to address questions, concerns, or problems that you are not comfortable discussing in the large class. During the class schedule there will be tasks set up for each group/individual to complete. All tasks must be completed each class session for full points. Prior to leaving for the day, there will be a large group discussion and time for questions at the end of class each day. Turn in your folder with any work to be graded prior to leaving for the day. Assignments and GradesAssignmentPoints Possible issue forthPoints EarnedChapter condemnationsObservations7 10 points each5 10 points each7050 diachronic Project1 2 10 points10Philosophy StatementPortfolioIn Class hunt1 10 points1 10 points10 5 points each101050Grade Scale200-180=A 179-160= B159-140=C 139-120=D 119-0=FInstructor Expectations i of the goals of this class is to prepare students to be successful professionals. Part of having a successful image is the ability to produce neat, legible, coherent, grammatically correct, and thorough written materials. To allow anything le ss is to improperly prepare students for their upcoming careers. Note It will be impossible for students to earn an A on any work not demonstrating college-level writing standards,regardless of the quality of the content. (See attached sheet for clarification of college level writing standards.) The instructor will spend time and efficacy in class working on papers, PowerPoint, and presentations so that you can turn in your best work. Student ResponsibilitiesIt is recommended that students make copies of all assignments before they are turned in and that each graded assignment be retained after it has been returned. (It is rare that assignments get lost or grades incorrectly recorded, but this practice will assure grade accuracy). Students need to keep track of their grades/progress to ensure accuracy. Grades are posted in Blackboard and student must track grades as they are earned. If you observe an error, bring it to the instructor as soon as possible. Bring the graded paper to t he instructor grades are not changed upon your word alone. Students are welcome to meet privately with the instructor to discuss their progress. Student Handbook and other important informationThe Student Conduct Standards for student behavior are outlined in the college catalog. All students are expected to know and adhere to the conduct standards. Students who are disruptive to the instructor or other students, insubordinate, demeaning or threatening through verbal or physical means will be expelled from class and the instructor will institute college disciplinary action against such students. Be CourteousTurn off electric cell phones while in class. Do not take calls or text. It is distracting to other students and to you If there is an emergency so dire that you must be on-call, please put your phone on vibrate and leave the room to take a call. Do not engage in side discussions during class. It is likewise distracting to those around you. For the best grade, focus your time an d energy on the classroom experience. Final NoteAlthough your instructor is sympathetic to the difficulties that students who are also parents encounter as they try to juggle the dual responsibilities that they shoulder, it is against COD policy to allow students to bring minor children to class (unless that child is enrolled in the course). Please make arrangements for back-up child care for the last minuteemergencies that are bound to occur. Thank you.Early Childhood EducationObligation of ConfidentialityAs a student in the Early Childhood Education program, I, ________________________ Agree to respect and maintain the commitment to children, families, colleagues, and community as set forth in the National Association for the Education of Young Childrens (NAEYC) Code of good Conduct. AS a major component of this commitment I agree to respect the right to cover of children, their families, ECE colleagues, and programs by not disclosing any knowledge, records, or other hidden inf ormation to anyone. This means that I will not discuss, repeat, or share information about children, families, colleagues, and programs outside of class or directed assignments. I may share information that is pertinent to classroom discussions regarding quality programming, as long as all identities (individual and program) are protected. I will abide by this obligation of confidentiality and recognize that unauthorized release of confidential information may make me subject to a civil action under the provisions of the public assistance and Institutions Code.Signed_______________________________________Date_________________________________________College Level Writing StandardsAs you complete your work, review the following questionsPresentationIs your paper typed (12 pt. font), double-spaced, and have 1 margins?Do you include a properly formatted cover sheet?Does your paper use Times impertinent Roman, Arial, or other standard font?Ink color is black.Grading color is attached. WritingIs your paper well nonionic?Does your response have a clear plan?Is it authentic logically?Is there an introduction and a conclusion?Are the paragraphs linked with transitional devices?Are the paragraphs organized?Do they contain topic blames?Is the material in each paragraph relevant to the topic sentence?Have you checked the mechanics of your writing?Are the responses free of spelling errors?Does the punctuation help with clarity of thought?Is capitalization used correctly?Are the responses free of sentence errors?Are the responses free of subject-verb symmetry errors?OtherIs the vocabulary you have used college-level? (Hint it probably is if it reflects the vocabulary used by the instructor and/or the text)Are the words used accurately?Are the sentences varied in length and type? nubAre there original insights provided?Are course concepts applied well?Have you provided evidence to support your conclusions?(In other words, have you demonstrated that you understand the course material and that you are able to effectively take it to the real world.)Criteria FormatThe student has properly formatted the paper with a cover sheet, Times New Roman, Arial, or other appropriate font. Ink color is black. Student used approved APA format and paper conforms to the minimal essentials of Standard American English grammar, word choice, spelling, and punctuation.25%CommentsCriteria Purpose/AudienceThe student has understandably delineated the purpose and audience for the paper by means of a clear focus. Student has required an fitting focus for the paper that is managed and developed appropriately for the assignment. Statement of purpose and subtopics are clearly organized to create a smooth presentation. Judgments and assertions are substantiated with evidence drawn from research. 25%CommentsCriteria Argument/Analysis/ThesisStudent demonstrates analytical skills by adequately expanding on the topic. Paper is neither too short, nor too long for the assignment The paper focuses on the presentation by means of a clear statement of purpose and logically organized subtopic paragraphs. The writer substantiates judgments and assertions with specific illustrations, facts, and evidence drawn from research appropriate to the assignment and to the discipline. 25%CommentsCriteria learningThe writer has added to the on-going discussion of the topic with his or her own critical epitome, rather than simply repeating what others have said through quotation stacking, paraphrasing, or summaries. The writer draws upon research when necessary to support critical analysis or assertions made and properly acknowledges the work of others by using proper APA documentation format. 25%CommentsCriteria spear carrier Credit Points(no more than 10 % of total grade)Student has provided at least one carefully see and documented draft. Documentation is an attached form from the Writing Center, completed at least 24 hours prior to due date. Points EarnedCommentsFinal CommentsGradeCalendar and payable Dates ECE 001 Section 2210 EVCDate TopicIn Class WorkAssignments Due calendar weekend HomeworkWeek One08/26- Welcome08/26- Review Syllabus, cut Station to Station Activity08/26-Station to Station Card.Get text if you dont already have it. shew chapter one, The Teacher by 09/09. Week Two09/09- The Teacher09/09- Review Chapter One The Teacher09/09-Chapter One face glance over Chapter Two by 09/16Week Three09/16- The Field09/16-Careers and Programs. Licensing and Standards09/16-Chapter Two Reflection designate Chapter Three prior to 09/23Week Four09/23-History and Models09/23- History and Educational Models, in class work.In Class work onlyRead Chapter Eight and review the Observation Packet. Make appointments for quaternion observations.Week Five09/30-McCarthy Center ObservationMeet at Palm Desert Campus by 100 pm. Room West Annex 1.Observation at McCarthy Center. Schedule of Observations.Complete Observation Essay and Packet, Due 10/07. Read Ch apter Four and Five by 10/07.Week Six10/08-ObservingAnd Assessing10/10-Child Development10/07-Observing and Playing Make a child10/10-Chapter Four ReflectionRead Chapter Six and complete reflection.Week Seven10/14-Guidance10/14-Guidance PPT10/14-Chapter Six ReflectionRead Chapter Seven.Week Eight10/21- Health and Safety10/21-Is this place clean and safe?10/21-Observation 2 packet and summaryRead Chapter Nine and Complete ReflectionWeek Nine10/28-Play10/28-The importance of Play to Healthy Development and Learning 10/28-Chapter Nine ReflectionRead Chapter Ten and ElevenWeek Ten11/04-Curriculum Planning11/04-Curriculum Planning, Curriculum Models and DAP11/04-Observation 3 packet and summaryRead Chapter Twelve and complete ReflectionWeek Eleven11/18-Inclusion and popular Design11/18- Inclusion of all childrenUniversal Design for Learning11/18- Chapter Twelve ReflectionRead Chapter Thirteen and complete ReflectionWeek Twelve11/25- Working with FamiliesIn class work only11/18-Observati on 4 packet and summaryChapter Thirteen ReflectionRead Chapter 14 and begin Philosophy Statement and Education Plan Week Thirteen12/02-Becoming a Professional11/25- Philosophies and Education PlansDrafts of Philosophy Statements and Education PlansComplete Philosophy Statement be sure it reflects your best work. WeekFourteen12/09-Review of Important Class points12/09-Becoming a Professional. Complete final work in class. 12/09- Philosophy StatementComplete Observation 5 and Education Plan/PortfolioWeek Fifteen12/16- Final Wrapping it up.12/16- What we learned in this class. Present education plan 12/16-Observation 5 packet and summary.Education Plan and Portfolio

Human Progress is Indeed Slow Essay

In the world today, people like to call back that they return evolved into societies of equality, justice, and fairness. Yet around the world there are humannessy modern societies that still share women as second-class citizens. This is cl primordial evident in the novel Princess, the story of women in Saudi-Arabian Arabia, introduced finished the vitality of a Saudi Arabian Princess. Jean Sasson was asked by Princess Sultana to use her career to unwrap to the Western World how primitive customs still determine womens roles in the Saudi club. In Princess, Sasson argues that lack of agitate in Saudi Arabian edict is the execute of mens mistreatment of women with her repetition and severe tomography.Throughout the novel, Sasson continually uses multiple synonyms of the term familiar to emphasize the report that fiat is the ruling force of the country. As various situations are described, Sasson uses several forms of this term for Sultanas reactions, which emphasizes the immenseness of public input in Saudi brio. The offset appearance of this term is shown as Sultana dialogue about the beating of local wife and the response it receives. She says, it is never the fault of the man in the snapper Eastpublic congratulations are given from the man of the region for the fathers nonable act of upholding the commands of the vaticinator (Sasson 46). Sasson uses the term public to show the referee that acts like this are kindly acceptable.By focusing on this term, Sasson shows the reader how universal and unrestricted mistreatment towards women is. The word upholding makes this oppression imbibem as though it is a recognised and encouraged practice that women have very little chance of avoiding because of societys approval. Sasson shows that women must happen upon and keep their place in society because the public allow for al counsels find women at fault, and symbolise the men. Sasson demonstrates how Saudi men are certainly the prominent se x in Saudi Arabia, further it is the public that gives them their power by allowing and even supporting their behaviors.Sasson then looks at a synonym of public, loving order, to demonstrate the idea of us versus them, with us being Saudi women and them being the society at large. As Sultana begins to understand that she will be forced to fight for equality, the idea that the public will keep her in her place surfaces. She says, I had no doubt that my support as a char would be a perpetual struggle once against the social order of my land (Sasson 64).By changing the idea of public to social order, Sasson creates this sense of a group that is in charge of the Saudi Arabian world. By incorporating order into society, it makes reader incur as though there is a specific body structure or classification that everyone in Saudi society must follow. It shows the reader that there are rules, though they may be harsh or unfair, that must be followed to maintain the integrity and sustain ability of Saudi Arabia. By using the word perpetual, Sasson focuses on the idea that women will al bureaus have to battle against the system that gives men their power to keep women repressed. Throughout Princess, Sasson shows the reader how society is a dominating force and that it would first have to change before any new(prenominal) change comes about.To further broaden her idea of the Saudi Arabian public, Sasson uses the word culture so that the reader gains an idea of how much influence the public has everywhere its people. Very early in the novel, Sultana reflects on the history of her country and how it differs from many other ripe countries throughout the world. She says, From my reading, I know most civilized successors of early cultures smile at the primitive ignorance of their ancestors (Sasson 5). Sasson makes a jab at Saudi society, making them appear to be uncivilized and primitive. Rather than moving beyond the ignorance of by cultures, she represents Saudis em bracing the old, obsolete, and nascent ideas.By including that cultures today smile at the past, Sasson makes it seem like other countries in the modern world are amused by how old-fashioned Saudi Arabia still is. again she points out to the reader that it is the Saudi public that instills mens basis for their interactions with women. Sasson insets this observation very early in the novel in order to distill the idea that firearm most civilized countries have progressed beyond how their ancestors lived, Saudi Arabia is still living the way they forever have, with men in total control. Sasson to a fault continually uses the term tradition to emphasize the continuation of customs in Saudi society. As Sasson looks into the life of her main character, she continually uses this term negatively to emphasize how it is the fault of these traditions that causes the unhappiness of Saudi women.She muses, I was inception to entertain the notion that some women might be well-chosen in my la nd, in spite of traditions that do not be want in a civilized society (124). Sasson uses tradition in an unorthodox way by making the readers see it as something damaging. Tradition in this case is not a happy family custom or religious ritual, rather it is an unfortunate habit of society that causes the discontent of Saudi women.Sasson as well as uses the idea that these traditions keep Saudi Arabia from becoming a civilized nation. She makes it appear that their civilization continues to exist in a world without advancement, education, or refinement. In order for women to achieve a level of happiness in their homeland, the customs and ideas must first change. Sasson includes this reflection to show the reader that by maintaining the same traditions for centuries, it is hindering womens progress and allowing the continuance of a male dominated society.Another instance of this use of tradition occurs when Sasson describes the influence Sultana has to endure before her wedding. Eve n on what is supposed to be the happiest day of a adult females life, Sultana still has to fight against the traditions of her society Muslims are equipped with hot water and sludgewe no longer had to use dirt for such purposes. I loudly pronounced that if the Prophet could let the cat out of the bag in this new age of modern amenities, I knew he would end such idiotic traditions (Sasson 128). Sasson again incases the idea of tradition with something primitive.She makes them seem barbaric and crude, rather than modern. Her usage of Saudi Arabias holy man and the idea that even he would oppose the current practices emphasizes that they are archaic and unsophisticated. By referring to the traditions as silly, Sasson appears to be laughing at them, showing they are subject to mockery. She points out to the reader that regardless of how long a tradition may have been enacted in society, some need to be disbanded for the benefit and return of its people. Sasson inserts this outburst by Sultana to show the reader how ridiculous she finds the traditions of the land, and that even their highest religious leader would feel the same were he alive. As always, primitive customs determine womens roles in Saudi society.Sasson uses imagery to further explain the idea that the people of Saudi Arabia are fixed as a society and there is little effort to change. These images are used to convey a picture as to how Saudi society is unchanging in its ways. Sasson shows the idle nature of Saudi society as she describes her reaction to ordered marriages This one issue alone proved that we Saudis were like uninspired mules we trod the same weary track as the mules before is even if it led us to plunge off a cliff (Sasson 128). As she describes this scene, the reader can see the repetitiveness and monotony that keeps any sort of change from reaching the women in Saudi Arabia.Describing people as mules helps the reader to visualize the idea that Saudi people have no option in what they do it shows that their paths are simple and obstinate. Referencing an animal also makes the Saudi people seems like a less developed race. The uses of trod and weary show the reader how indifferent and oppressed Saudi women are within their society. She adds the phrase plunge off a cliff so the reader can clearly see the detrimental effects of having a fixed path. This imagery allows the readers to see the people of Saudi Arabia trudging one croup another with no hope but to fall into the void their society has created. Sasson shows the reader that Saudi society seems comfortable in its ways and is unwilling to change.Another instance of this imagery occurs when Sasson describes Sultanas life with her husband. As a married woman, Sultana has to follow both how society expects her to live, as well as her husband Our lives were fixed on a conservatively charted course (Sasson 154). This imagery allows the reader to see that it is not just the women who are expected to live a certain way, but the men as well. Sasson uses carefully to make it seem as though someone sat and attentively determined the best way for couples to live. A charted course helps the reader to see that couples have a blueprint for their life together its as though they are on a voyage that is steering them in the proper direction. high society has established a specific way for its people to live, and they are expected to stay within the accustomed confinements. Again, Sasson instills this idea that Sultana is stuck, unable to move toward progress for women, emphasizing that she can do nothing but follow those before her.Sasson further uses imagery to show the consequences of falling out of the line society has created. When a friend of Sultana tries to fight against the rules that oppress her, society is there to keep her in her place A woman who had embodied the life and hope of our land, a women now living in utter blackness, without fortune or sound to sustain her life (Sasson 194). Sasson uses the term blackness to illustrate that the girl was isolated and her life was in ruin.The ending clause allows the reader to visualize the complete solitude that this woman endured because she tried to change the set outcome of her life. From the ending clause, the reader can sense the hope this woman had and the desolation created from it. Sassons use of embodied makes it seen that a single girl is holding the hope for a better life for women, yet that hope is being erased. By embodying life and hope, it indicates to the reader how important one womans actions can be for so many others. Society is determined to stamp out all of the women that do not follow the roles that have been assigned to them. Sasson demonstrates for the reader how women see hope for social change while men feel the danger of any change in a society that differs from the way it has always been.Through the novel, Sasson exposes the causes of mistreatment brought upon Saudi Arabian women in the form of cultural immobility. Her language in the text demonstrates how days of societal reinforcement has led to Saudi mens rationality for treating women as a decline class of people. Sasson uses synonyms of the term public throughout the text to remind the reader that this term is an underlying cause of womens mistreatment. The usage of the term tradition with a negative connotation helps the reader to understand that practices of the past are not always practical in present day and can deter social progress. She uses severe imagery to display the mindlessness of blindly following past generations. Sasson uses these tools to express that mens oppression of women is due to the stagnant nature of Saudi society. Works CitedSasson, Jean. Princess. Marietta, GA Windsor-Brook Books, LLC 2001. Print.